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Angelo Heilprin (March 31, 1853 – July 17, 1907) was an American geologist, paleontologist, naturalist, and explorer.

Angelo Heilprin
Angelo Heilprin

He is mostly known for the part he took into the Peary expedition to Greenland of 1891–1892 and for his observations and photographs of the 1902 eruption of Montagne Pelée in Martinique.

He also was a mountaineer and a painter.


Biography


Angelo Heilprin was born at Sátoraljaújhely, in the Zemplén County of the Kingdom of Hungary. His family was Jewish.[1] He arrived in the United States from the Austrian Empire with his father Michael and his brother Louis in 1856.[2]

He went back to Europe in 1876 for two years to complete his education. He studied at the Royal School of Mines, London,[3] at the Imperial Geological Institution of Vienna, and at Florence (where he had his only formal training in painting) and Geneva; he also went to Hungary, where he mountaineered in the Carpathians, and to Poland where he visited family for six months.[4]

He then became professor of invertebrate paleontology and of geology at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (1880–1900), curator of the museum of that institution (1883–1892), professor of geology at the Wagner Free Institute of Science in Philadelphia (1885–1890); and he was the first president of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia, serving for seven years.[5] In 1883, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.[6]

Also a painter, Heilprin exhibited Autumn's First Whisper at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1880, and Forest Exiles at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1883.

In 1902 he founded the American Alpine Club.[7]

In 1904, he was appointed as a lecturer[8] at Yale.


Research


One of Heilprin's most famous photographs: the ruined city of Saint-Pierre, with the Montagne Pelée volcano lost in cloud in the background
One of Heilprin's most famous photographs: the ruined city of Saint-Pierre, with the Montagne Pelée volcano lost in cloud in the background

In Heilprin's life research travels alternate with periods of teaching and writing. He visited Florida, the Bermudas, Mexico, Greenland and Martinique while also devoting work to his more immediate surroundings. His mountaineering skills were put to use many times in his scientific work.

In 1886, Heilprin undertook an expedition to the then little-known west coast of Florida.[9]
In 1887 he went to the Bermudas with members of his classes to study coral reefs, confirming Charles Darwin's 1842 views expressed in The structure and distribution of coral reefs.[10]
In 1888, Heilprin was in Mexico, where he ascended volcanos: Ixtaccihuatl, Nevado de Toluca, Pico de Orizaba and Popocatepetl, establishing their altitudes with barometric measures. He also shed light on questions about the geology of the Yucatan and the coral reefs of the western Gulf of Mexico.[11]

En 1891 Heilprin embarked with Robert Peary on an expedition to Greenland organized by the Academy of Natural Sciences. Peary was the leader of the north-bound expedition, which was to prove that Greenland is an island. Heilprin headed the "Western Expedition" comprising half a dozen scientists.[12] The scientists collected data then returned to the U.S., while Peary remained in Greenland.[13] But the next year Heilprin was back to Greenland, leading the "Peary relief expedition".[14][15]

In 1902, when Montagne Pelée in Martinique erupted,[16] reducing the city of Saint-Pierre to ashes, Heilprin was one of the first scientists to arrive to the site. His works, photographs and eyewitness account of the phenomena and their consequences are unique. He was the first geologist to ascend a side of the crater.[17] He revisited it in 1903 and in February 1906 descended into the crater itself.


Remembrance



Eponymy


Selected works and documents



Selected works



Articles for the general public



With Louis Heilprin



Documents



References




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angelo Heilprin.

Notes


  1. Lee Levinger, A History of the Jews in the United States, Wildside Press LLC (2007), p. 302
  2. Angelo was three and Louis five. The unsuccessful Hungarian Revolution and Independence War of 1848 played a role in the move. Phineas Mendel, Angelo's grandfather, a Poland-born Talmudist, had had sympathy for the revolutionaries and his father, also born in Poland, had been a government employee under Lajos Kossuth. Michael Heilprin was to be a contributor to the American Cyclopædia and Phineas Mendel joined the family in 1859. Appletons.
    Pollak is a source for Michael's and Louis' biographies.
  3. "[T]he best man in my class" wrote Thomas Henry Huxley to Henry Newell Martin of Johns Hopkins University. Heilprin might have accepted a fellowship there but the letter informing him of the possibility never reached him. Pollak, p. 239
  4. Pollak, page 238
  5. "Addresses Delivered at the Meeting Held in Honor of the Memory of Professor Angelo Heilprin". Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia. VI. Jan 1908.
  6. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  7. "Angelo Heilprin Citation - American Alpine Club". Archived from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  8. Historical Register of Yale University 1701-1937. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University. 1939. p. 304.
  9. He coined the now-obsolete term of "Floridian" designating a period of the middle Pliocene. "Floridian", in Moureau, Magdeleine and Brace, Gerald, Comprehensive dictionary of earth sciences, p. PA185, at Google Books. Ophrys, 2000 ISBN 9782710807490
  10. Pollak, p. 259
  11. The results of that research trip to Mexico (and that of 1906) were never published. They can however be found in the proceedings of the Academy and in Heilprin's papers. Excerpts can be found in Pollak, pp. 260–263.
  12. There also was a reporter of the New York Herald.
  13. Pollak, p. 265
  14. Description of the Heilprin documents of the expedition
  15. "Peary Relief Expedition […]". The New York Times. June 28, 1892. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  16. 08-05-1902
  17. 31-05-1902 and 01-06-1902. Lacroix, Alfred (1975). La Montagne Pelée et ses éruptions (in French). Vol. 2. Monaco: Cercle européen d'édition. p. 112. OCLC 61549644.
  18. Noble, G. K. (1923). "Six new batrachians from the Dominican Republic". American Museum Novitates (61): 1–6. hdl:2246/4342.


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