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Bada Shanren (Chinese: 八大山人; pinyin: Bādà Shānrén; c. 1626 – 1705), born Zhu Da (Chinese: 朱耷; pinyin: Zhū Dā), was a Chinese Buddhist monk, calligrapher, and painter of the ink wash painting style. He was of royal descent, being a direct offspring of the Ming dynasty prince Zhu Quan who had a feudal establishment in Nanchang (present-day Jiangxi province). His master lineage's accession was revoked following the last Ning Lineage King Zhu Chenhao's rebellion in 1521, but the rest of the lineage was allowed to retain their status in Jiangxi. Art historians have named him as a brilliant painter of the period.

Life and work

Bada Shanren, a purported child prodigy born to a disabled father, began painting and writing poetry in his early childhood. About the year 1644,[1] when the Ming emperor committed suicide and the Manchu army from the north attacked Beijing, the young Han Chinese man sought refuge in a vihara. Because he was a Ming prince, the dynastic upheaval created a great amount of uncertainty for his position in society. As years passed and the Manchurian court became more firmly established, there was less and less insecurity among the Qing regime about remaining Ming loyalties and possible future rebellions. Due to these more stable circumstances, after 40 years, Bada Shanren deemed it acceptable to leave the monastery and to re-enter day-to-day life among society.[2]

Bada Shanren
Chinese	八大山人
Literal meaning	Mountain Man of the Eight Greats
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Bādà Shānrén Wade–Giles Pa1-ta4 Shan1-jen2 IPA [pá.tâ ʂán.ɻə̌n] Gan Romanization Pat-thai San-nin
Birth name
Chinese	朱耷
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhū Dā Wade–Giles Chu1 Ta1

In the aftermath of a nervous breakdown that could have been staged to avoid retribution for his family background, Zhu Da abandoned his monastic life and developed a career as a professional painter, adopting a series of descriptive pseudonyms, most notably Bada Shanren by which he is most often known today. He is said to have screamed and made weird sounds while painting.[3] The stylized vertical writing of his pseudonym Bada Shanren (八大山人) looks like the characters for laugh (笑) and cry (哭), thus by signing his paintings he implied his confusion and feelings of grief for the fate of his country and home.[4]

His paintings feature sharp brush strokes which are attributed to the sideways manner by which he held his brush. In the 1930s, Chinese painter Zhang Daqian produced several forgeries of Bada Shanren's works but they are easily spotted by the trained eye, because the modern copies were softer and rounder.

Yale University scholar Fred Fangyu Wang (1913–1997) and his wife Sum Wai (沈慧) were major collectors of Bada Shanren paintings from the 1960s onwards up to 1997 when Fang died. They had amassed the largest private collection of Bada Sharen's works, including paintings and calligraphies. during their lifetimes. The Freer Gallery of Art later bought the collection from their estate. Freer is currently the holder of the largest collection of Bada Shanren's art in the United States.[5]

Gallery

• 
  Two Birds, Sen-oku Hakuko Kan, Kyoto, Japan
• 
  Metropolitan Museum, New York
• 
  National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
• 
  Nelson Atkins Museum, Kansas city, USA

References

Sources

• Stokstad, Marilyn; Art History, 2011, 4th ed., ISBN 0-205-79094-1

External links

• Zhu Da and his Painting Gallery at China Online Museum
• Could Bada Shanren be the first caricaturist in China?

На других языках

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[de] Zhu Da

Zhu Da (chinesisch .mw-parser-output .Hani{font-size:110%}朱耷, Pinyin Zhū Dā, W.-G. Chu Ta; auch bekannt als Bādà Shānrén 八大山人 – Pa-ta-shan-jen; * 1625 in Nanchang (Provinz Jiangxi); † 1705) war ein chinesischer Maler und Kalligraph der Qing-Dynastie.

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- [en] Bada Shanren

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[es] Bada Shanren

Bada Shanren (en chino, 八大山人) fue un pintor chino nacido con el nombre de Zhu Da, en el año 1626 y fallecido en el año 1705.

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[fr] Zhu Da

Zhū Dā (chinois : 朱耷 ; pinyin : zhū dā ; Wade : Chu Ta, 1625 Nánchāng (Jiāngxī) – 1705), surnommé Badashan ren (八大山人, bādàshān rén, « l'homme des huit grandes montagnes ») est un artiste peintre et calligraphe chinois du XVIIe siècle, l'un des plus connus de la Voie excentrique sous la dynastie Qing.

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[it] Zhū Dā

Zhū Dā[1] (朱耷T; 1626 circa – 1705 circa) è stato un pittore cinese (pittura inchiostro acquerellato) individualista di shuimohua ed un calligrafo, conosciuto anche sotto lo pseudonimo daoista di Bada Shanren (八大山人T, Bādà ShānrénP). Era di nobile origini, discendente del principe Zhu Quan della dinastia Ming. Gli storici dell'arte lo hanno indicato come figura leader nella pittura del periodo. Si dice che fosse un bambino prodigio: durante l'infanzia ha iniziato a dipingere e scrivere poesie.

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[ru] Чжу Да

Чжу Да (кит. 朱耷, пиньинь Zhū Dā, 1626 — 1705) — китайский художник, поэт и каллиграф времён империи Цин, известен под псевдонимом Бада Шаньжэнь (кит. 八大山人), человек с горы Бада.

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