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Benvenuto Tisi (or Il Garofalo) (1481 – September 6, 1559) was a Late-Renaissance-Mannerist Italian painter of the School of Ferrara. Garofalo's career began attached to the court of the Duke d'Este. His early works have been described as "idyllic", but they often conform to the elaborate conceits favored by the artistically refined Ferrarese court. His nickname, Garofalo, may derive from his habit of signing some works with a picture of a carnation (in Italian, garofano).

Jesus sleeping (Louvre).
Jesus sleeping (Louvre).
Monument to Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo in Rovigo (Italy)
Monument to Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo in Rovigo (Italy)

Biography



Early training


Born in Canaro near Ferrara, Tisi is claimed to have apprenticed under Panetti and perhaps Costa and was a contemporary, and sometimes collaborator with Dosso Dossi. In 1495 he worked at Cremona under his maternal uncle Niccolò Soriano,[1] and at the school of Boccaccino, who initiated him into Venetian colouring. He may have spent three years (1509–1512), in Rome. This led to a stylized classical style, more influenced by Giulio Romano.

Invited by a Ferrarese gentleman, Geronimo Sagrato, to Rome, he worked briefly under Raphael in the decoration of the Stanza della Segnatura. From Rome family affairs recalled him to Ferrara; there Duke Alfonso I commissioned him to execute paintings, along with the Dossi, in the Delizia di Belriguardo and in other palaces. Thus the style of Tisi partakes of the Lombard, the Roman and the Venetian modes.[1]

He painted extensively in Ferrara, both in oil and in fresco, two of his principal works being the "Massacre of the Innocents" (1519), in the church of S. Francesco, and his masterpiece "Betrayal of Christ" (1524). For the former he made clay models for study and a clay figure. He continued constantly at work until in 1550 blindness overtook him, painting on all feast-days in monasteries for the love of God. He had married at the age forty-eight, and died at Ferrara on the 6th (or 16th) of September 1559, leaving two children.[1]

Coronation of Saint Catherine, Capitoline Museums
Coronation of Saint Catherine, Capitoline Museums

He was a friend of Giulio Romano, Giorgione, Titian and Ariosto; in a picture of "Paradise" he painted Ariosto between St Catherine and St Sebastian. In youth he was fond of lute-playing and also of fencing. He ranks among the best of the Ferrarese painters; his leading pupil was Girolamo da Carpi.


Mature works and assessment


Even his least successful works retain, amid their frigid and porcelain quality, a harmony which marks Venetian colouring. His youthful works include the "Boar Hunt" in the Palazzo Sciarra. Later, the "Knight's Procession" in the Palazzo Colonna in Rome — gave promise of an Italianate Cuyp, less commonplace, more romantic, and more refined than the Dutch artist.[2]

His youthful works include the Boar Hunt in the Palazzo Sciarra and the Virgin in the Clouds with Four Saints (1518) in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice, considered one of his masterpieces. The Pietà (1527) in the Brera Gallery in Milan reveals an increasingly stylized treatment. The Madonna (1532) in the Modena Gallery is a charming picture; however, the large Triumph of Religion in the Atheneum at Ferrara has been described as a "bookish" affair, whose episodes are difficult to elucidate. Garofalo is one of the painters known and described by Vasari. From 1550 till his death Garofalo was blind.[2]

In 1520, Girolamo da Carpi is said to have apprenticed in Garofalo's workshop, and worked with him in Ferrarese projects in the 1530–40. Other pupils include Stefano Falzagalloni. Il Garofalo also influenced Antonio Pirri and Nicola Pisano (painter) (active 1499–1538).[3]


List of works



Notes


  1. Chisholm 1911.
  2. Gillet 1912.
  3. Art in Northern Italy, by Corrado Ricci; editor: New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1911); page 324.

References




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo.

На других языках

[de] Benvenuto Tisi Garofalo

Benvenuto Tisi Garofalo (* 1481 in Ferrara; † 6. September 1559 in Ferrara; eigentlich Benvenuto Tisi, genannt Il Garofalo) war ein italienischer Maler.
- [en] Benvenuto Tisi

[es] Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo

Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo, conocido como Garofalo e Il Garofalo, (Ferrara, ¿1481? – Ferrara, 6 de septiembre de 1559) fue un pintor italiano perteneciente a la Escuela de Ferrara. Trabajó para la corte de la Casa de Este, a la sazón duques de Ferrara y Módena. El apodo Garofalo se debe a la localidad homónima, presumiblemente su lugar de nacimiento. Ocasionalmente firmaba sus cuadros con un pequeño anagrama en forma de clavel (garofano significa «clavel» en italiano).

[fr] Benvenuto Tisi

Benvenuto Tisi ou Il Garofalo, né en 1481 à Garofalo (hameau de Canaro près de Ferrare) en Italie, mort le 6 septembre 1559 à Ferrare, est un peintre maniériste italien de l'école de Ferrare.

[it] Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo

Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo, detto il Garofalo (Canaro, 1476 o 1481 – Ferrara, 6 settembre 1559), è stato un pittore italiano del tardo Rinascimento.

[ru] Тизи, Бенвенуто

Бенвенуто Тизи, прозвище Гарофало[6] (итал. Benvenuto Tisi Garofalo, настоящее имя Benvenuto da Tisi) (1481, Феррара — 6 сентября 1559, там же) — итальянский художник. Своё прозвище художник получил по гвоздике на своём гербе. Некоторые картины Гарофало помечены вместо подписи изображением гвоздики (по-итальянски «гвоздика» — garofalо)[7].


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