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Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein (10 January 1780 – 2 September 1857) was a German physician, explorer, botanist and zoologist.

Hinrich Lichtenstein ca. 1806
Hinrich Lichtenstein ca. 1806
Hinrich Lichtenstein somewhat older
Hinrich Lichtenstein somewhat older
Hinrich Lichtenstein
Born
Hinrich Lichtenstein

(1780-01-10)10 January 1780
Died2 September 1857(1857-09-02) (aged 77)
Hinrich Lichtenstein in later life
Hinrich Lichtenstein in later life

Biography


Born in Hamburg, Lichtenstein was the son of Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein. He studied medicine at Jena and Helmstedt. Between 1802 and 1806 he travelled in southern Africa, becoming the personal physician of the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1811 he published Reisen im südlichen Afrika : in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805, und 1806;[1] as a result, he was appointed professor of zoology at the University of Berlin in 1811, and appointed director of the Berlin Zoological Museum in 1813. In 1829, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

He died after he had a stroke at sea travelling aboard a steamer from Korsør to Kiel.[2]


Legacy


Monument to Hinrich Lichtenstein in Berlin Zoological Garden
Monument to Hinrich Lichtenstein in Berlin Zoological Garden

Lichtenstein was responsible for the creation of Berlin's Zoological Gardens in 1841, when he persuaded King Frederick William IV of Prussia to donate the grounds of his pheasantry. He also published Johann Reinhold Forster's manuscripts for Descriptiones animalium in 1844.

In the field of herpetology he described many new species of amphibians[3] and reptiles.[4]

Among species named by Lichtenstein are included the Australian king parrot (Alisterus scapularis), the crowned sandgrouse (Pterocles coronatus), and the Cape night adder (Causus rhombeatus).

In 1826, botanists Cham. & Schltdl. published a genus of flowering plants from South Africa, belonging to the family Apiaceae as Lichtensteinia in his honour.[5]

In 1856 Johann Jakob Kaup named the seahorse Hippocampus lichtensteinii after him.[6]

Then in 1859 Italian herpetologist, Giorgio Jan, named the forest night adder (Causus lichtensteinii) in his honor of Hinrich Lichtenstein,[7] as did the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck with Lichtenstein's sandgrouse (Pterocles lichtensteinii ).


Writings


Lichtenstein's Reisen im südlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 was translated into English, and published in 1812 as "Travels in Southern Africa in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806".[8]


Literature


The standard author abbreviation Licht. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[9]

References


  1. Reisen im südlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 OCLC WorldCat
  2. Naumannia: Archiv für die Ornithologie Vorzugsweise Europa's : Organ der Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft.
  3. "Lichtenstein". Amphibian Species of the World 5.5. research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology.amphibia.
  4. "Lichtenstein". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  5. "Lichtensteinia Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  6. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order SYNGNATHIFORMES: Families AULOSTOMIDAE, CENTRISCIDAE, FISTULARIIDAE, SOLENOSTOMIDAE and SYNGNATHIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  7. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Lichtenstein", p. 157).
  8. IDREF.fr (bibliography)
  9. IPNI.  Licht.

На других языках


- [en] Hinrich Lichtenstein

[ru] Лихтенштейн, Мартин Генрих

Мартин Генрих Карл Лихтенштейн (нем. Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein; 10 января 1780, Гамбург, — 2 сентября 1857, Киль) — немецкий врач, исследователь и зоолог, сын немецкого зоолога Антона Августа Генриха Лихтенштейна[en]. Был первым директором Берлинского зоопарка.



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