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Jacob Vrel (fl. (c.1630–c.1680)[1] was a Dutch, Flemish, or Westphalian painter of interiors and urban street scenes during the Dutch Golden Age (1588-1672). He was active from 1654–1662.[2]

Biography

Jacob Vrel is also referred to as Jan instead of Jacob(us); alternative spellings of his surname are Frel, Frelle, Vreele, Vrelle, and Vriel.[3] Though Vrel's birthplace is unknown, scholars consider him a Dutch artist.[2] He is considered to have worked in Delft and Haarlem.^{[citation needed]}

Despite the many architectural elements, bread products or clothing of the figures in his paintings, art historians are unable to assign most of Vrels Street scenes to any particular city or region. As of 2021, two experts have recognized streets and buildings of the Dutch city of Zwolle, not far from the German border in three pictures.[4]^: 30

Style

According to the Netherlands Institute for Art History (Dutch RKD-Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis), Vrel was a member of the same "school" or artistic style as Pieter de Hooch, showing simple intimate scenes of daily life in towns, often including studies in perspective. Though no evidence for a specific "school" exists, the center of influence seems to have been in the artistic centers of Haarlem and Delft, for artists born during the years 1620–1630. The painters listed by the RKD in this category are Esaias Boursse, Hendrick van der Burgh, Pieter de Hooch, Pieter Janssens Elinga, Cornelis de Man, Hendrick ten Oever, and Jacob Vrel.[5]

Vrel's works are sometimes confused with those by Esaias Boursse[3] or Pieter de Hooch.[6] Vrel often painted his signature on a strip of paper or cloth in his painting, reminiscent of medieval banners or scrolls.[4]

Work

Thirty-eight[7] to forty[8] paintings have been attributed to Vrel.

The following public collections hold Vrel´s work in their permanent collections:

• Alte Pinakothek, Munich: Street Scene with Figures in Conversation [9]
• Ashmolean Museum, Oxford: The Little Nurse
• Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit: Interior
• Groninger Museum, Groningen: Interior with a Man by a Fireplace
• Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg: Street Scene
• Heylshof Museum, Worms: Two Cottage Women Conversing
• Kunstthalle Hamburg: Street Corner
• Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna: Woman at a Window
• Museum de Fundatie, Zwolle: Interior with a Busy Woman, 1650.
• National Gallery of Art, Washington: Young Woman in an Interior, ca. 1660.
• Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille: The Weaver's Workshop
• Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia: Street Scene, mid-17th century
• Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam: Alleyway in a Dutch Town; Woman in Front of a Stove
• Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp: The Little Sick Nurse
• Royal Museums of Fine Arts, Brussels: Interior with a Woman and a Child
• San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego: The Little Sick Nurse
• Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid: Interior with Woman Seated by a Hearth
• Wallraf–Richartz Museum, Cologne: Interior with an Old Woman

A retrospective exhibition curated by Berndt Ebert of the Alte Pinakothek was to open in late 2020,[10] followed by the catalogue raisonné by Ebert, Cécile Tainturier and Quentin Buvelot.in 2021.[11] The monographic exhibition on Vrel was rescheduled to be shown in 2023 at the Fondation Custodia in Paris and the Mauritshuis in The Hague.[12]

References

Bibliography

• Théophile Thoré. "Van der Meer de Delft." Gazette des beaux-arts [suppl. is Chron. A.] 21 (1866): 458–470.
• Clotilde Brière-Misme. "Un 'Intimiste' hollandais: Jacob Vrel." Revue de l’art ancien et moderne 68 (1935): 97–114, 157–172.
• Gérard Regnier. "Jacob Vrel, un Vermeer du pauvre." Gazette des beaux-arts [suppl. is Chron. A.] n.s. 6, 71 (1968): 269–282.
• Peter Sutton, ed. Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting (exh. cat. Philadelphia Museum of Art; Gemäldegalerie, Berlin; Royal Academy, London, 1984): 352–354.
• Elizabeth Honig: "Looking in(to) Jacob Vrel." Yale Journal of Criticism 3, no. 1 (Fall, 1989): 37–56.

External links

• 1 artwork by or after Jacob Vrel at the Art UK site
• Jacob Vrel on Artnet

На других языках

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[de] Jacobus Vrel

Jacobus Vrel (auch Frel, Frell, Vrel, Frelle, Vrelle, Vreele, Vreelle, Vriel) (tätig um 1654–1662) gilt als niederländischer Maler von Interieurs und Straßenszenen, als dessen Wirkungsorte nach seinen Motiven die nördlichen Niederlande oder Friesland angesehen werden. Über seine Herkunft, sein Leben und seine Wirkungsorte gehen die Meinungen in der Forschung weit auseinander. 40 mit unterschiedlichen Namensschreibungen signierte Gemälde werden ihm zugeschrieben, die besonders im 19. Jahrhundert überwiegend Jan Vermeer und Pieter de Hooch zugeordnet wurden.[1][2][3]

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- [en] Jacob Vrel

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[fr] Jacobus Vrel

Jacobus Vrel ou Jacob Vrel[1] (1617-1681) est un peintre néerlandais du siècle d'or. Il est connu pour ses peintures de paysages urbains et de scènes de genre.

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