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Nnenna Okorelisten (born 1975 in Thursday Island, Australia) is an Australian-born Nigerian artist who works both in Nigeria and the United States. Her largely abstract sculptures are inspired by textures, colours and forms within her immediate milieu.[1] Okore's work frequently uses flotsam or discarded objects to create intricate sculptures and installations through repetitive and labour-intensive techniques.[2] She learnt some of her methods, including weaving, sewing, rolling, twisting and dyeing,[3] by watching local Nigerians perform daily tasks.[2][4] Most of Okore's works explore detailed surfaces and biomorphic formations. Her work has been shown in galleries and museums in and outside of the United States.[2][3][5][6] She has won several international awards, including a Fulbright Scholar Award in 2012.[7]

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2015)

Nnenna Okore
Born	Nnenna Okore 1975 (age 46–47) Thursday Island, Australia
Nationality	Nigerian and Australian
Education	University of Nigeria, Nsukka, University of Iowa
Known for	sculpture, installation art
Awards	Fulbright Scholarship

Okore is currently a professor of art at North Park University in Chicago, where she teaches sculpture.[8] The daughter of a professor and a librarian, she often examines her American identity versus her Nigerian identity and the contrasts between her homeland with that of the States.[2]

Background

Okore was born in Thursday Island, Australia to parents from Ututu, Abia State in Nigeria.[9][10] After moving from Australia to Nigeria at the age of four, Okore spent most of her childhood in the university town of Nsukka in southeastern Nigeria, where both parents worked as academics at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.[9] Okore was raised a Christian and subsequently not very exposed to traditional Igbo practices but later in life reconnected with these elements of her culture.[11] Okore's art was subsequently influenced by visual characteristics of Nsukka, such as dilapidated mud adobe houses with zinc roofing, piles of firewood accumulated against a broken structure, people in ragged clothing, and rugged terrain. Growing up in a tropical environment where decay and rebirth were integral to the way of life, Okore was drawn to decay and the way time passing affects things from an early age.[11]

Living in the senior staff quarters located close to the campus borders, Okore was in constant contact with the off-campus community, being exposed to the local marketplaces and other daily interactions with the rural population.[11] Today, her work employs a range of environmental materials like clay, rope, fabric, sticks, and paper, which she frequently came across while in Nsukka. [12]

Education

Okore attended the University of Nigeria Nuskka Primary School,[13] the University of Nigeria Nsukka Secondary School^{[citation needed]}, and Waterford Kamhlaba United World College in Swaziland for high school.[14] She was enthusiastic about art during her primary school, especially knitting, sewing, and crocheting. During this time, Okore won multiple art awards, including the first prize in the African Child Art Competition, organised by UNESCO in 1993. In secondary school, she drew and painted frequent still-life drawings and water color paintings. Her family, especially her father, A. O. Okore, were supportive of her efforts to become an artist.^{[citation needed]}

By the time she graduated from high school in Swaziland, Okore was proficient in printmaking, pottery, modelling, and acrylic painting. A few years later, she won the UNIFEM Women's Empowerment Art Competition, whose prize included trips to Dakar, Senegal; Abuja, Nigeria; and Beijing, China, to represent African youth in the Women's World Conferences.

In 1995, Okore enrolled into the Fine and Applied Arts undergraduate program at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.[14] Her first mediums were oil and acrylic paint. By her third year, Okore began experimenting with unusual materials on canvas, to distinguish her work from the more conventional painting of her peers. She employed leaves, jute, cloth, sticks, shredded photographs, broomsticks, recycled paper, and leather, among other materials. Subsequently, she started creating free-flowing surfaces that were characterised by their textural build-up of paint, soil, rope, fabric, and other found objects. By her final year, her works were largely focused on issues of consumption and inventive recycling as it related to the Nigerian experience. Okore was influenced by her teachers, including Chijioke Onuora, Chike Aniakor, and El Anatsui. El Anatsui was particularly influential for Okore, stating that she learned from him to use her "mind, imagination, and experiences as the medium for creativity"[15] as well as push her to reconnect with some of the indigenous practices she was not exposed to growing up.[11] Okore has also been heavily influenced by Arte Povera whose experiential style appeals strongly to her visual narrative.[15] Okore received a bachelor's degree in fine and applied arts from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1999, with first-class honours.[16]

Two years later, Okore relocated to the United States for a masters of fine arts program at the University of Iowa, which she completed in 2005.[7]

Career

After graduating from the University of Iowa, Okore was recruited by North Park University to teach and oversee the sculpture unit of the art department in 2005. She is presently a professor of art and department head, instructing undergraduate students in three-dimensional designs, sculptural practices, and drawing, among other subjects.[7]

Alongside her teaching career, Okore's work has been exhibited to global audiences in over 80 solo and group shows, across international venues in Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa. Her works have been reviewed positively in publications such as Sculpture Magazine, The New York Times, Financial Times, Art South Africa and Ceramics: Art and Perception. She carried out her first solo exhibition in 2001 titled ‘’Metaphors’’ in Alternative Space, Lagos, Nigeria. Her second solo exhibition was titled ‘’Beyond the lines’’ in Didi Museum, Lagos Nigeria in 2002. She carried out her first solo exhibition in USA in 2002 titled ‘’Re-presented’’ at the Armature Gallery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. She had carried out solo exhibitions every year since then.[17] [18]

In 2012, Okore received a Fulbright Scholar Award. With the accompanying grant, she travelled to Nigeria for a year-long teaching project at the University of Lagos, while producing a series of new creative explorations. During her year there she exposed students to alternative processes of making art and finding inspiration, encouraging them to have a changed perspective about the environment.[19] She returned to the United States after completing her project in 2013.

Materials

Okore's early years in the United States presented her with environmental and cultural differences. While adopting new materials inspired by her surroundings, she incorporated similar objects as those she used in Nigeria, like sticks, leaves or jute materials.

Okore material choice is also heavily influenced by El Anatsui's philosophy of seeking to create innovative artistic forms by repurposing everyday material. This style of making was formed in part out of necessity due to the high cost of Western-produced art materials. Rather than being stifled by the ephemerality of materials like discarded newspapers or wax, Okore focuses on the sculptural potentialities.[20]

Okore tends to feature the organic, fibrous, malleable, and ethereal qualities of materials. In her present works, the materials capture the visual characteristics of transient, root-like or dense forms. Paper, in particular offers a range of possibilities to Okore's process. Going a more non-traditional route, she creates rich, bodily paper surfaces by pulping materials including found paper, jute fibre, dye, coffee, and lint.[15] She also incorporates the symbolic narrative nature of newspapers. Burlap is also featured in Okore's work, in which it is used for its transient and delicate features.[21]

Work and concept

Themes of ageing, death and decay are recurrent in Okore's work, highlighting the vulnerability and fragility of Earth.[10] Okore uses a "flora" (flower) motif or essence repeatedly throughout her work to highlight these themes of death and fragility, as well as the essence of rebirth.[22] She captures the diverse and tactile aspects of the physical world through weathered, dilapidated and lifeless forms. Through manually repetitive processes, Okore's works reveal the complex and distinct properties of fabric, trees, topography, and architecture. Her works are also inspired by traditional women's crafts in Africa such as textiles. Okore engages in a slow, arduous process of weaving, dyeing, winding, and teasing materials like burlap, wire, and paper, sometimes sourced from West Africa, to create dramatic textile installations.[23][8] As a child Okore saw her contemporaries make works out of materials they transformed, which inspired her to have similar practices in her work. She reworks recycled materials in a way that changes the way people view them, encouraging her audience to view things that are often discarded as beautiful.[24] This theme of recycling is constant throughout Okore's work as she sees her sculpture as her way of being a part of the climate conversation. Using a material that contrasts her typical organic materials: plastic, with traditional practices like weaving she aims to show the hybridity of not only the material, but also the increasingly unnatural world it came from.[25] Her sculptures often reflect on the wildlife and craft culture she encountered in Nigeria, where she grew up observing the natural world and watching people engaged in repetitive manual labour, like making brooms by hand.[23] Being an Igbo woman Okore also draws on elements of Igbo culture and history, specifically the lasting effects of colonialism.[20] Okore regularly takes trips home to Nsukka, as a way to call on her childhood memories of the environment and culture that inspires much of her work.[24][15]

Gallery representation

• David Krut Gallery, New York City, United States.
• Contemporary African Art Gallery, New York, United States.
• October Gallery, London, United States.
• Bekris Gallery, Emeryville, United States.
• Kuaba Gallery, Indianapolis, United States.
• Museum of Arts and Design, New York, United States.
• Manchester Art Gallery, Manchester, United Kingdom.
• Museu Afro Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil
• The Heong Gallery, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
• Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis, United States.

References

Sources

• Artist Profile from Nnenna Okore's website
• Robert Preece, "Political By Nature": 2500-word interview with Nnenna Okore, Sculpture Magazine, July/August 2013.
• Faustina Anyanwu, "Finding inspiration in the most simple things…", C.Hub Magazine, Issue 2, Vol. 1, 2012/13.
• Chris Spring, African Textiles Today, Smithsonian Book/British Museum Press, 2012.
• Nnenna Okore: ‘Transfiguration’, by Holland Cutter, New York Times, 9 November 2012.
• Jackie Wullschlarger, "We Face Forward...", Financial Times, 12 August 2012.
• Tajudeen Sowole, "Step Aside, Ferguson, African Art takes over Manchester", The Nigerian Guardian, 15 June 2012.
• Kate McCrickard, "Waste Management/Things Torn Apart", Art South Africa, Volume 9.4, June 2011.
• "With Metamorphoses, Okore returns to the UK", The Nigerian Guardian, 19 April 2011.
• A. M. Weaver, "Fragility, Elegance and Decay", Ceramics: Art and Perception, Issue 83, March 2011.
• McPhillip Nwachukwu, "Nigerian Art Market....,says Nnenna Okore", Vanguard, 25 November 2010.
• Jessica Hemmings, "Material Meaning", Wasafiri, Issue 63, 2010.
• Elizabeth Upper, "Into the Art of Africa", Above Magazine, Winter 2009/2010.
• Okwui Enwezor and Chika Okeke-Agulu, Contemporary African Art Since 1980, 2009.
• Chika Okeke-Agulu, "New Order", Arise Magazine, Issue 6, October 2009.
• Jessica Kronika, "Nnenna Okore’s art .... recycled material installation", The Examiner, 11 August 2009.
• Mike Giuliano, "Visual Arts: Five artists 'paper' the arts center", Howard County Times, 30 July 2009.
• Albert Stabler, "Tom Torluemke and others at the Cultural Center", Proximity Magazine, 26 July 2009.
• Uzor Maxim Uzoatu, "Wakeful Souls", Next Newspaper, 10 July 2009.
• Vanessa Offiong, "From Rags to Riches with Art", Weekly Trust, June 2009.
• Victor Ehikhamenor, "The goddess of small things ...", Next Newspaper, 19 June 2009.
• Okechukwu Uwaezuoke, "Imitations of Nature", This Day, 20 June 2009.
• Chuka Nnabuife, "'Of Earth...' Nnenna Okore stages home show", Nigerian Compass, 16 June 2009.
• Jessica Hemmings, "Nnenna Okore: Ulukububa at October Gallery, London", Surface Design Journal, July edition, 2009.
• Emmanuel Anyifite, "Contemporary Art Auction in Lagos", Next Newspaper, 9 April 2009.
• Julian Roup, "Groundbreaking African Artists In Spotlight At First British Auction Of Contemporary African Art At Bonhams", Bonhams Headlines, March 2009.
• Simon de Burton, "Art of Africa", The Financial Times, 28 March 2009.
• Katy Donoghue, "Artist to Watch: Nnenna Okore", Whitewall Magazine, Spring Issue, 2009.
• Molara Wood, "Studio Visit with Nnenna Okore: Art from Discarded and Found Things", Next Newspaper, 8 February 2009.
• Bunmi Akpata-Ohohe, "Ulukububa: Infinite Flow", Africa Today, 3 December 2008.
• Polly Savage, "Introduction: Ulukububa-Infinite Flow", Exhibition Catalogue, London, 16 October – 6 December 2008.
• Roberta Smith, "Using Old Materials to Put a New Face on the Museum", New York Times, 26 September 2008.
• Barbara Murray, "Mind Openers-Women Artist in Africa", Farafina Magazine, No. 8, January 2007.

External links

• R. J. Preece, "Nnenna Okore interview: Political by Nature (2013)", Art Design Café
• Town and Gown, August 2012
• "Nnenna Okore at the Contemporary African Art Gallery New York City", Art and Culture Maven, 23 October 2012
• "The Artist of our Time: Nnenna Okore", C-Hub Magazine
• "Artist Nnenna Okore in her studio", Happening In Africa, 22 April 2012
• Semmi W., "Taking Shape: Nnenna Okore at BAM's 2014 DanceAfrica Festival", Art-In-Fact, 19 May 2014
• "Nnenna Okore: Metamorphoses", A-n
• Nnenna Okore on "Mbembe", Tang Museum
• Holland Cotter, "Nnenna Okore: ‘Transfiguration’", New York Times, 8 November 2012
• Nnenna Okore page at October Gallery
• Africa Today
• Second Lives: Remixing the Ordinary
• Exhibition at Oriel Mostyn Gallery in Wales
• Channel 4 Art Collection
• "Nnenna Okore", Contemporary African Art Gallery

На других языках

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- [en] Nnenna Okore

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[fr] Nnenna Okore

Nnenna Okore, née en Australie en 1975, est une artiste nigériane qui travaille à la fois au Nigeria et aux États-Unis. Ses créations sont des sculptures abstraites, utilisant des tissus, des voiles, des fils, et inspirées par les textures, les couleurs et les formes de son environnement et de son enfance. Elle réutilise notamment des matières mises au rebut et des objets de récupération.

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