art.wikisort.org - Artist

Roelof Paul Citroen (15 December 1896 – 13 March 1983) was a German-born Dutch artist, art educator and co-founder of the New Art Academy in Amsterdam. Among his best-known works are the photo-montage Metropolis and the 1949 Dutch postage stamps.

Paul Citroen
Paul Citroen
Born	(1896-12-15)15 December 1896 Berlin, Germany
Died	13 March 1983(1983-03-13) (aged 86) Wassenaar, Netherlands
Nationality	Dutch
Notable work	Metropolis, postage stamps
Relatives	Sanne Ledermann (niece)

Biography

Early life

Citroen was born and grew up in a middle-class family in Berlin to Hendrik Roelof Citroen (1865–1932), a Dutch Jew from Amsterdam while his mother, Ellen Philippi (1872–1945), was from a Berlin Jewish family.[1] His father owned a fur shop and passed away in Berlin just before the onset of Nazi Germany while his mother died due to illness at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. His sister Ilse Citroen (died with her husband at the Auschwitz concentration camp) was the mother of Sanne Ledermann, a friend of Anne Frank. At an early age, Citroen began drawing, provoking strong support from his parents. He soon started to experiment with photography with Erwin Blumenfeld and studied art in Berlin.

As a painter, he was a Dadaist. As a visual artist in photography, he used the Bauhaus Style of physical portraits, many times with the subject peering intensely into the camera.[2]

In 1919 Citroen began studying at the Bauhaus, where he started taking lessons from Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky (part of Der Blaue Reiter) and Johannes Itten, who became one of his biggest influences. Around this time, he started Metropolis (1923), which became his best-known piece. Citroen's Metropolis influenced Fritz Lang to make his classic film Metropolis. Between 1929 and 1935, Citroen made many photographs, clearly influenced by his work with Blumenfeld.

Citroen's work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.[3]

Later life

He soon started up the Nieuwe Kunstschool (New Art School) with Charles Roelofsz. It ran out of money and closed down in 1937. That year, Citroen became a scholar at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague. When Citroen was warned that he was due to be arrested on August 28, 1942, he fled to Maria Helena Friedlaender (nee Bruhn), a German woman, wife of Henri Friedlaender. She hid him with other fugitives in the attic of her house in Wassenaar, South Holland, for several months. [4]

Among his many students are Kees Bol,[5] Madeleine Gans,[5] Henk Hartog,[5] and Jos Zeegers.[5] He designed his monumental postage stamps in 1949. In 1960 he stopped teaching and started painting portraits as his main focus. He painted portraits of famous Dutch people, including a well-known portrait of Liesbeth List in 1979.

Paul Citroen died in 1983 in Wassenaar.

Public collections

• Gemeentemuseum Den Haag
• Hermann-Hesse-Museum, Calw
• Literatuurmuseum, Den Haag
• Museum De Fundatie, Zwolle
• Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
• Prentenkabinet Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden
• Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
• MoMA, New York
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• Art Institute of Chicago

References

• Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions
• Paul Citroen (1896-1983)
• Discover painter, watercolorist, draftsman Paul Citroen

External links

Media related to Paul Citroen at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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[de] Paul Citroen

Paul Citroen (geb. 15. Dezember 1896 in Berlin; † 13. März 1983 in Wassenaar) war Maler, Zeichner, Fotograf und Kunstpädagoge, der die längste Zeit seines Lebens in den Niederlanden wirkte.

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- [en] Paul Citroen

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[es] Paul Citroen

Roelof Paul Citroen (15 de diciembre de 1896 – 13 de marzo de 1983) fue un artista holandés nacido en Alemania, profesor de arte y cofundador de la Nueva Academia de Arte de Ámsterdam. Entre sus obras más conocidas se encuentran el collage Metropolis y los sellos postales holandeses de 1949.

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[fr] Paul Citroen

Paul Citroen, de son nom complet Roelof Paul Citroen, né le 15 décembre 1896 à Berlin et mort le 13 mars 1983 à Wassenaar (Pays-Bas), est un peintre, dessinateur et photographe néerlandais[1].

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[it] Paul Citroen

Paul Citroen (Berlino, 15 dicembre 1896 – Wassenaar, 13 marzo 1983) è stato un pittore, fotografo e regista olandese, esponente del Dadaismo.

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[ru] Ситроен, Пауль

Пауль Ситроен (нидерл. Paul Citroen, полное имя — Рулоф Пауль Ситроен / нидерл. Roelof Paul Citroen; 15 декабря 1896, Берлин, Германия — 13 марта 1983, Вассенар, Нидерланды) — нидерландский, родившийся в Германии художник и арт-педагог еврейского происхождения, основатель Академии Нового Искусства в Амстердаме. Среди его самых известных работ фотомонтаж «Метрополис» (Metropolis), серия монументальных нидерландских почтовых марок (1949), написанные портреты известных голландцев.

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