art.wikisort.org - Artist

Sarah Biffen (1784 – 2 October 1850), also known as Sarah Biffin, Sarah Beffin,[1] or by her married name Mrs E. M. Wright,[2] was a Victorian English painter born with no arms and only vestigial legs. She was 94 cm (37 in) tall. She was born in 1784 in Somerset. Despite her disability she learned to read and write, and to paint using her mouth. She was apprenticed to a man named Dukes, who exhibited her as an attraction throughout England. In the St. Bartholomew's Fair of 1808, she came to the attention of George Douglas, the Earl of Morton, who went on to sponsor her to receive lessons from a Royal Academy of Arts painter, William Craig. The Society of Arts awarded her a medal in 1821 for a historical miniature and the Royal Academy accepted her paintings. The Royal Family commissioned her to paint miniature portraits of them. When the Earl of Morton died in 1827, Biffen was left without a noble sponsor and she ran into financial trouble. Queen Victoria awarded her a Civil List pension and she retired to a private life in Liverpool. Some years later, she married and 12 years later tried to renew her success with the name Mrs. Wright but this was not successful. She died on 2 October 1850 at the age of 66.

Sarah Biffen
Sarah Biffen's self-portrait, 1830
Born	1784
Died	2 October 1850 (aged 65–66) Liverpool, England
Resting place	St James Cemetery, Liverpool
Nationality	British
Other names	Sarah Biffin; Sarah Beffin; Mrs E. M. Wright
Known for	Painting
Style	Mouth and foot painting
Patron(s)	George Douglas, the Earl of Morton

Early life

Sarah Biffen was born in 1784 to a family of farmers in East Quantoxhead, Somerset, with no arms and undeveloped legs – a result of the congenital condition phocomelia.[3] Despite her disability she learned to read, and later was able to write using her mouth.[4]

When she was around the age of 13, her family apprenticed her to a man named Emmanuel Dukes, who exhibited her in fairs and sideshows throughout England.[5] At some point during the time, she learnt to paint holding the paint-brush in her mouth.[6] During this period, she held exhibitions, sold her paintings and autographs, and took admission fees to let others see her sew, paint and draw.[7] She drew landscapes or painted portrait miniatures on ivory with contemporaries praising her skill. Her miniatures were sold for three guineas each, however, Biffen may have received as little as £5 a year while she was with Dukes.[1]

Sponsorship and patronage

In the St. Bartholomew's Fair of 1808, George Douglas, the Earl of Morton wanted to see if Biffen could really paint unaided. Once he was convinced, he sponsored her to receive lessons from a Royal Academy of Arts painter, William Craig.[5] The Society of Arts awarded her a medal in 1821 for a historical miniature and the Royal Academy accepted her paintings. The Royal Family commissioned her to paint miniature portraits of them, as a result of which she became very popular. She set up a studio in Bond Street, London. Charles Dickens mentioned her in Nicholas Nickleby, Martin Chuzzlewit, and Little Dorrit, and in "A Plated Article", when describing pottery figures spoiled in the firing process.^{[citation needed]}

The Earl of Morton died in 1827. Without the support of a noble sponsor, Biffen ran into financial trouble when her manager used most of her money.[8] Queen Victoria awarded her a Civil List pension and she retired to a private life in Liverpool.[5] Some years later she married and 12 years later tried to renew her success with the name Mrs. Wright. The attempt was not successful but her supporters, including Richard Rathbone, arranged a public subscription to finance her for her final years.[1]

Death

Sarah Biffen died on 2 October 1850 at the age of 66.[1] She is buried in St James Cemetery in Liverpool.[9]

Legacy

A self-portrait engraved by RW Sievier and published in London in June 1821 was sold at Sotheby’s in 1986 and again at Sotheby’s on 5 December 2019.[4] The sale was of the collection of the late Dr Erika Pohl-Ströher. The auction estimate was £800–1200 but the final sale price was £137,500.[10]

The first exhibition of Biffin’s work for 100 years Without Hands: the Art of Sarah Biffin, was held at the galleries of Philip Mould & Company, London in 2022.[11]

See also

• John Carter (mouth artist) (1815–1850), who was paralysed from below the neck after a fall.

References

External links

• "Artworks of Sarah Biffin (British, 1784–1850)". www.mutualart.com. MutualArt Services, Inc.
• "Sarah Biffin: the celebrated nineteenth-century artist born without arms or legs". www.artuk.org. Art UK.

На других языках

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- [en] Sarah Biffen

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[es] Sarah Biffen

Sarah Biffen (octubre de 1784-2 de octubre de 1850), también conocida como Biffin, Beffin, o por su nombre de casada E.M. Wright, fue una pintora inglesa victoriana nacida sin brazos que medía 94 cm de altura.

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[fr] Sarah Biffin

Sarah Biffin (ou Biffen ou Beffin, née en 1784 et morte en 1850) est une peintre miniaturiste anglaise.

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