art.wikisort.org - Sculpture

Maman (1999) is a bronze, stainless steel, and marble sculpture by the artist Louise Bourgeois. The sculpture, which depicts a spider, is among the world's largest, measuring over 30 ft high and over 33 ft wide (927 x 891 x 1024 cm).[1] It includes a sac containing 32 marble eggs and its abdomen and thorax are made of ribbed bronze.

Maman
Maman at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
Artist	Louise Bourgeois
Year	1999 (1999)
Type	Sculpture
Medium	Stainless steel, bronze, marble
Dimensions	9271 x 8915 x 10236 mm

The title is the familiar French word for Mother (akin to Mummy). The sculpture was created in 1999 by Bourgeois as a part of her inaugural commission of The Unilever Series (2000), in the Turbine Hall at London's Tate Modern.[1] This original was created in steel, with an edition of six subsequent castings in bronze.[2]

Bourgeois chose the Modern Art Foundry to cast the sculpture because of its reputation and work.[3]

Philosophy and meaning

The sculpture picks up the theme of the arachnid that Bourgeois had first contemplated in a small ink and charcoal drawing in 1947, continuing with her 1996 sculpture Spider.[4] It alludes to the strength of Bourgeois' mother, with metaphors of spinning, weaving, nurture and protection.[5] Her mother, Josephine, was a woman who repaired tapestries in her father's textile restoration workshop in Paris.[4] When Bourgeois was twenty-one, she lost her mother to an unknown illness. A few days after her mother's passing, in front of her father (who did not seem to take his daughter's despair seriously), Louise threw herself into the Bièvre River; he swam to her rescue.[6]

The Spider is an ode to my mother. She was my best friend. Like a spider, my mother was a weaver. My family was in the business of tapestry restoration, and my mother was in charge of the workshop. Like spiders, my mother was very clever. Spiders are friendly presences that eat mosquitoes. We know that mosquitoes spread diseases and are therefore unwanted. So, spiders are helpful and protective, just like my mother.

— Louise Bourgeois[5]

Permanent locations

• Tate Modern, UK – The permanent acquisition of this sculpture in 2008 is considered one of the Tate Modern's historical moments. Maman was first exhibited in the turbine hall and later displayed outside the gallery in 2000. It was received with mixed reactions of amazement and amusement. The sculpture owned by the Tate Modern is the only one made from stainless steel.[5]
• National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada – The National Gallery of Canada acquired the sculpture in 2005 for 3.2 million dollars. The price took around a third of the annual budget of the gallery.[7]
• Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain[8]
• Mori Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan[9] – On display at the base of Mori Tower, outside the museum.[10]
• Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, South Korea[11]
• Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, USA[12]
• Qatar National Convention Center, Doha, Qatar[13]

Temporary locations

Tours and featured exhibitions of Maman include:

• 2001: Rockefeller Center Plaza, New York[1]
• 2001: City Hall, The Hague, The Netherlands^{[citation needed]}
• 2002: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia[1]
• 2003: Nytorv, Copenhagen, Denmark^{[citation needed]}
• 2006: Mariakerke, Ostend, Belgium[14]
• 2007: Wanås Castle, Sweden
• 2008: Jardin des Tuileries, Paris, France[15]
• 2008: Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France[16]
• 27 March 2007 – 2 March 2008: Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts^{[citation needed]}
• 18 October 2008 – 25 January 2009: Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy^{[citation needed]}
• 2011: Fundacion Proa, Buenos Aires, Argentina[16]
• Museu de Arte Moderna (MAM), São Paulo, Brasil, 2011
• Bundesplatz, Bern, Switzerland, 24 May 2011 – 7 June 2011[15]
• Bürkliplatz, Zürich, Switzerland, 10 June 2011 – 2 August 2011[15]
• Place Neuve, Geneva, Switzerland, 3 August 2011 – 28 August 2011
• Fondation Beyeler, Riehen/Basel, Switzerland, 3 September 2011 – 8 January 2012[15]
• Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Germany, 23 January 2012 – 17 June 2012
• Qatar National Convention Center, Qatar – The Maman sculpture; exhibited from 20 January – 1 June 2012, at the Qatar National Convention Centre as the centerpiece of the Conscious and Unconscious exhibition; the first solo exhibit of Bourgeois' work to be displayed in the Middle East.[17] The exhibit was organised by the Qatar Museums Authority.[18]
• Roppongi Hills, Tokyo, Japan, 2012 – 2013
• Qatar National Convention Centre, Ad-Dawhah, Qatar, February 2014
• Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico, 15 November 2013 – 2 March 2014
• Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, January 2015 – 17 May 2015
• Museum Voorlinden, The Hague, the Netherlands, until 17 May 2020
• Fundação de Serralves, Porto, Portugal, December 2020 - February 2021
• Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece, 30 March 2022 - 6 November 2022[19]

See also

• Cultural depictions of spiders
• List of artworks by Louise Bourgeois
• Spider (Bourgeois)
• Featured in Denis Villeneuve's 2013 film, Enemy.

Gallery

• 
  Exhibited at the Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• 
  At the National Gallery, Ottawa, Canada
• 
  At the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain
• 
  At Lake Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
• 
  At Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Germany
• 
  At Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico
• 
  Outside Mori Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan

References

External links

• Maman spider sculpture debuts in Ottawa – CBC Archives (Broadcast: 10 May 2005)
• Video : "They climb it" – Vimeo
• Louise Bourgeois – Maman – National Gallery of Canada (videos)

На других языках

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[de] Maman

Maman (1999) ist die größte Skulptur aus der Spinnen-Serie der Künstlerin Louise Bourgeois. Sie ist über neun Meter hoch und trägt einen Beutel, der 26 Marmoreier enthält. Maman ist das französische Wort für „Mama“.

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- [en] Maman (sculpture)

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[ru] Мама (скульптура)

Мама (фр. Maman) — монументальная скульптура Луизы Буржуа, созданная в 1999 году, которая выставлялась во многих музеях современного искусства[1][2].

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