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María Laffitte y Pérez del Pulgar, Countess of Campo Alange [es] (15 August 1902 – 9 July 1986[1]) was a Spanish aristocrat, writer, art critic, women's rights activist, and founder of the Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies.

María Laffitte
Born
María Laffitte y Pérez del Pulgar

(1902-08-15)15 August 1902
Seville, Spain
Died9 July 1986(1986-07-09) (aged 83)
Madrid, Spain
Other namesMaría Campo Alange
OccupationWriter
SpouseJosé de Salamanca

Biography


María Laffitte y Pérez del Pulgar was born in Seville, where she spent her childhood. At age 20 she married and moved to Madrid. Though born to a family of privileged economic status, she nevertheless did not have academic training, something which marked her throughout her life. By age 24 she had three children. "During the best years of my life," she would later write, "I walked disoriented without knowing where to find my path."

"I began to write almost without realizing it, like the dictation of an internal and authoritarian voice," she explained about her process, and a short time later she had in her hands her first work, La biografía crítica de María Blanchard (The Critical Biography of María Blanchard). Unable to obtain a publisher, after offering it to several, she decided to edit the book on her own, and published it in 1944.[2] Years later she also wrote a biography of Concepción Arenal.

Little by little her name became known in the press and certain intellectual circles.

María Laffitte y Pérez del Pulgar signed her books as María Campo Alange, or Countess of Campo Alange, a title she held from her marriage to José de Salamanca, Count of Campo Alange.

She was an active member of the Academia Breve de Crítica de Arte [es], vice president of the Ateneo de Madrid, and a member of the Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras.[3]

She founded, directed, and sponsored the Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies (Seminario de Estudios Sociológicos de la Mujer; SESM) which, from 1960 until her death in 1986, gathered a group of professionals, university professors, and researchers, such as María Salas Larrazábal, Lilí Álvarez, and Elena Catena, dedicated to investigating the situation of women in Spain.

She collaborated closely with the most important intellectuals of the Spanish post-war period, such as Eugeni d'Ors, José Ortega y Gasset, and Gregorio Marañón, though she also had to confront their patriarchal tendencies.


Women's rights


María Laffitte studied and theorized about the situation of women and their subordination, and sought answers in history, anthropology, art, and science.[2] In 1948, a year before Simone de Beauvoir wrote The Second Sex, Laffitte published La secreta guerra de los sexos (The Secret War of the Sexes) in Spain. Her criticism of the role of science in the essentials of women preceded de Beauvoir's. Her essays and research on women and the social construction of femininity are historic and continue to pose challenging questions.[1][4]

In her honor, the Maria Laffitte Women's Federation was founded in 2008, based in her hometown of Seville.


Published books



Art criticism



Essays and research on women



Narrative



Biography and autobiography



Works in collaboration



References


  1. Ortega Spottorno, José (13 July 1986). "La condesa de Campo-Alange" [The Countess of Campo-Alange]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  2. Armada Olleros, Carmen. "El primer Seminario de Estudios Sociológicos de las mujeres" [The First Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies] (PDF) (in Spanish). University of Vigo. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  3. Barrera López, Begoña (January–April 2014). "Sobre María Laffitte y la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras". Revista de Humanidades (in Spanish) (21). Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  4. "La secreta guerra de los sexos" [The Secret War of the Sexes]. Diario Crítico (in Spanish). January 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  5. La poética ingenuidad de Pepi Sánchez (PDF) (in Spanish). Ateneo de Madrid. Retrieved 26 September 2017.

Further reading







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