The Peoples' Friendship Arch (Ukrainian: Арка дружби народів, romanized: Arka druzhby narodiv; colloquial name Yarmo (Ukrainian: Ярмо́ (Yoke)[3][4])) is a monument in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was opened on 7 November 1982, to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the USSR and the celebration of the 1,500th Anniversary of Kyiv.[2]

Peoples' Friendship Arch

Арка дружби народів
The People's Friendship Arch
Coordinates	50°27′16″N 30°31′48″E
Location	Pechersk Raion, Kyiv, Ukraine
Designer	Oleksandr Skoblikov (sculptor); Serhiy Myrhorodsky,[1] Kostyantyn Sydorov, I.Ivanov (all - architects)
Type	complex of three sculptural elements of the monument
Material	metal, granite, bronze
Beginning date	1978
Completion date	1982
Opening date	Anniversary date of the October Revolution (7 November 1982)
Dismantled date	Partially: 26 April 2022[2]
Because of Ukrainian decommunization laws it shall not be rebuilt in its current form.[2]

The sculpture under the arch, which depicted a Ukrainian worker and a Russian worker standing together, was dismantled in April 2022 amidst the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[2][5] The arch, which was part of the Peoples' Friendship Arch monument, is planned to be renamed and to become a new monument.[2]

Description

This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)

The Friendship Arch was constructed in 1982 by sculptor A. Skoblikov and architect I. Ivanov and others. The monument consisted of three sculptural elements: an arch and two statues.

• A 50 m (164 ft) in diameter,[2] rainbow-shaped arch, made of titanium.
• A bronze statue depicting a Russian and a Ukrainian worker holding up the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples[2]
• A granite stele depicting the participants of the Pereyaslav Council of 1654.[2]

The surviving arch is located next to a viewing deck where most of Kyiv's east bank can be viewed, Troieschyna and towards the north of the city, Podil and Obolon.

The monument was unveiled by the First Secretary of the Communist Party Volodymyr Shcherbytsky^{[citation needed]} on 7 November 1982, to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the USSR and the celebration of the 1,500th Anniversary of Kyiv.[2] Although the USSR was proclaimed on 30 December 1922; 7 November 1982 was the 65th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917.[2] The monument was opened together with the All-Union Lenin Museum (today, Ukrainian House).

The arch had the local nickname "yoke" (Ukrainian: Ярмо; "Yarmo").[2]

Location

The whole People's Friendship Arch complex (and its surviving arch) was located on top of the right bank of the Dnieper river overlooking the Park Bridge and the Shore Highway (Ukrainian: Набережне шосе, Naberezhne shose). (Park Bridge is a pedestrian bridge that connects the city with Trukhaniv island.) This location is behind the buildings complex of the National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine in "Khreschatyi" Park (Ukrainian: Хрещатий парк) which at the time of opening was called the Pioneer Park.

Dismantling

On 20 May 2016, the Ukrainian government announced plans to dismantle the arch as part of its decommunization laws. In its place, a memorial dedicated to veterans of the War in Donbas was planned.[6][7] The Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance Volodymyr Viatrovych stated in February 2018, that "a sculptural group" of the monument should be removed according to the decommunization laws.[8]

For the Eurovision Song Contest 2017, the arch was temporarily painted as a rainbow and renamed the Arch of Diversity. It doubled as the symbol of the Kyiv Pride parade, and was illuminated as a rainbow at night.[9][10]

In 2018, human rights activists put a temporary sticker on the arch that looked like a crack. This was a sign of support for political prisoners who are illegally detained in Russia and annexed Crimea. According to the organizers, the action aims to draw attention to the fate of Ukrainian citizens, as well as to urge everyone to make as much effort as possible to free political prisoners in Russia.[11]

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 25 April 2022, mayor of Kyiv, Vitali Klitschko, announced the dismantling of the sculptural part of the monument as having lost its ideological meaning.[12] The next day, during the dismantling of a bronze sculptural group, the head of a figure symbolizing a Russian fell off.[13][14] The second sculptural composition made of red granite will be taken apart later. The arch itself is planned to be renamed and highlighted with the color of the Ukrainian flag.[15] Klitschko proposed to the Kyiv City Council to rename the arch of the People's Friendship Arch into the Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People (Ukrainian: Арку свободи українського народу).[2] One of the designers of the monument, Serhiy Myrhorodsky, agreed with the dismantling of the monument.[1]

The People's Friendship Arch was one of 60 monuments that the Kyiv City Council planned (in April 2022) to remove.[16]

Gallery

wide image

• 
  The granite stele depicting the participants of the Pereyaslav Council of 1654
• 
  In August 2019, a temporary sticker gave the appearance of a crack, in support of political prisoners.
• 
  The monument in the evening.
• 
  The monument in June 2020
• 
  The monument as seen from Maidan Nezalezhnosti (in 2015)
• 
  Park Bridge

See also

• Derussification in Ukraine
• Decommunization in Ukraine
• Afghanistan War Memorial, Kyiv
• Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monument to the Friendship of Nations.

• Kiev City Guide — Statues and monuments of Kyiv City
• www.go2kiev.com — places to see in Kyiv

На других языках

[de] Denkmal der Völkerfreundschaft