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Heo Nanseolheon (1563 – 19 March 1589), was a Korean painter and poet of the mid-Joseon dynasty. She was the younger sister of Heo Bong, a politician and political writer, and elder to Heo Gyun, a prominent writer of the time and credited as the author of The Tale of Hong Gildong. Her own writings consisted of some two hundred poems written in Chinese verse (hanshi), and two poems written in hangul (though her authorship of the hangul poems is contested).[1]

Heo Nanseolheon
Portrait of Heo Nanseolheon
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationHeo Chohui
McCune–ReischauerHŏ Ch'ohŭi
Pen name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationHeo Nanseolheon
McCune–ReischauerHŏ Nansŏrhŏn
In this Korean name, the family name is Heo.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heo Cho-hui.

Biography



Early life


Before being known as Heo Nanseolheon, Lady Heo was known by her name Heo Cho-hui (허초희, 許楚姬) or Heo Ok-hye (허옥혜, 許玉惠). Lady Heo was born in Gangneung to a prominent political family (yangban). Her father, Heo Yeop [ko], was from the Yangcheon Heo clan and a distinguished scholar who fathered her by his second wife, Lady Kim of the Gangneung Kim clan. His first wife, Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan, was a daughter of Han Suk-chang, who yielded five daughters and three sons. Her step-grandfather, Han Suk-chang, was a great-grandson of Han Hwak (the father of Princess Consort Jeongseon and Queen Sohye), and the cousin of Queen Janggyeong. His second marriage was to a daughter of a political minister, who mothered Nanseolheon and her two brothers. While her father was a Confucian and conservative official who subscribed tightly to the belief of namjon-yubi ("men above, women below"), it fell to her elder brother, Heo Bong, to recognize her budding talent and curiosity and introduce her to literature.

From an early age, she became recognized as a prodigal poet, though due to her position as a woman she was incapable of entering into a position of distinguishment. Her early piece, "Inscriptions on the Ridge Pole of the White Jade Pavilion in the Kwanghan Palace" (Kwanghanjeon Paegongnu sangnangmun), produced at the age of eight, was lauded as a work of poetic genius and earned her the epithet "immortal maiden."[1] Her innate talent for hanmun (Chinese) verse prompted him to be her first tutor in her early years, and introduce her to Chinese writing, such as the Confucian Five Classics.

However, Heo Bong was also an outspoken and influential political scholar and was eventually exiled to Kapsan for three years for his political leanings. Her younger brother, Heo Gyun, was a similarly gifted poet who studied under Yi Tal [ko], a specialist of Tang poetry and a friend of Heo Pong, and he took part in her education, especially after her elder brother's exile. He fostered her education later in life and used his preferred position as a highly respected male to keep her in correspondence with literary circles. Yi Tal, his tutor, also engaged in sharing Tang poetry with Nanseolheon, whose influence became visible in the naturalism of a significant portion of her surviving work.[2]


Marriage


Sometime during her life, she married the son of a civil official, Kim Seong-rip. Her marriage was an unhappy one, as recorded by Heo Gyun. Her husband often left her alone at home to pursue other women, and she maintained a cold relationship with her mother-in-law. She gave birth to two children, a girl and a boy. Her daughter died almost as soon as she was born, while her son died after living about 1 year. Within a year of her elder brother Heo Pong's death in Kapsan, she died of illness at the age of twenty-seven.[3]

The circumstances and timing of her marriage are uncertain, and the documented proof is limited and subject to conjecture. Scholars such as Kim-Renaud[2] and Choe-Wall[1] engage with her literature and hypothesize that she lived among her brothers for a significant portion of her life (during which they suggest most of her Tang-influenced and naturalistic poetry was produced), and married later. She suggests that the body of her "empathetic" poetry was produced after being married, as a result of the isolation from those who supported her literary talents and extended poetic circles. This conjecture is based on the observation that a significant portion of what is believed to be her later literature laments the plight and sufferings of married women, and her early literature follows closely in the Tang tradition, employing heavy elements of folklore and natural imagery rather than the heavier emotive language found in her later writing.


Family



Writings


A significant amount of Nanseolheon's writing was burned upon her death per her request, and the surviving poems are collected in Heo Kyeongnan's 1913 collection Nansŏrhŏn chip. The collection consists of 211 poems, in various Chinese styles. These include koshi (traditional verse), yulshi (metered verse), cheolgu (quatrains), and a single example of kobu (rhyming prose). The writing of the early Joseon period (in the form of the political Sajang school and the more academic Sallim school) was heavily influenced by the Confucian literary tradition, and literature was primarily devoted to the expression of Confucian teachings. With the introduction of Tang poetry to Korea in the mid-Joseon Period, hanmun poetry began making significant strides as an art form. Traditional Tang poetry (koshi) was more formulaic and imposed prescriptive tonal guidelines. During the lifetime of Nanseolheon, new forms of poetry that incorporated tonal irregularities, lines with non-standard syllable counts, and length (broadly referred to as kunch'e shi, of which yulshi and cheolgu are subsets) began to come into favor. Nanseolheon's works are noted primarily for their broad range of subject matter, which is attributed in part to the drastic emotional shift evoked by her marriage.[1]

The inclusion of two kasa written in hangul in the collection is one of scholarly contention, as her authorship is in doubt. Composition in hangul was considered unworthy of expressing higher thinking of Confucian ideals, and "literary" composition in Korea was almost entirely composed in hanmun. The distinction at the time was similar to the differences between Latin composition and vernacular prose in Renaissance Europe. Her authorship of these two pieces is supported mainly by the observation that the titles of the two kasa pieces, "Song of Woman's Complaint" and "Song of Coloring Nails with Touch-me-not Balsam" are very similar to two verified hanmun (cheolgu and koshi respectively). These claims have in part discredited by recent scholarship by O Haein (Nansorhon shijip) and Kang Cheongseop (Moktongga ui pogwon e taehayo).


Sample poems


The poem, "Song of Autumn Night" is characteristic of her earlier, more fantastical and imagery-rich poetry. It is a seven-syllable cheolgu.

"The Young Seamstress," or "Song for the Poor Girl", is one of her poems of empathy, where she sympathizes with those from poorer economic backgrounds. It is a five-syllable cheolgu.[1]

"Woman's Grievance," another seven-syllable cheolgu, exemplifies the tone of the poetry believed to have been written after her marriage.[1]




Works



References


  1. Choe-Wall, Yang-hi. Vision of a Phoenix: the Poems of Hŏ Nansŏrhŏn. Ithaca, NY: East Asia Program, Cornell University, 2003. Print.
  2. Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. Creative Women of Korea: the Fifteenth through the Twentieth Centuries. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. Print.
  3. "Heo Gyun and Heo Nanseolheon". PR Korea Times. September 29, 2005. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
  4. He is the 6th great-grandson of Heo Mok
  5. Her paternal grandmother, Lady Park of the Suncheon Park clan (순천 박씨), is the maternal aunt of Queen Janggyeong
  6. He is the maternal cousin of Queen Janggyeong
  7. She is a daughter of Yi Jing, Prince Hwanseong (환성군 징, 歡城君 澄)
  8. Lady Yi is a great granddaughter of King Sejong and Queen Soheon of the Cheongseong Sim clan
  9. He is the 4th son of King Seonjo and Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan (인빈 김씨, 仁嬪 金氏) (1555 - 1613)
  10. He is the younger brother of Prince Jeongwon
  11. It’s speculated that he had Shin Saimdang’s eldest daughter, Yi Mae-chang, as one of his concubines
  12. She became a concubine for King Gwanghaegun’s and Deposed Queen Yu’s son, Deposed Crown Prince Yi Jil (폐세자 이질, 廢世子 李祬) (31 December 1598 - 22 July 1623)
  13. kuiwon.wordpress Archived 2011-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
  14. McCann, David R. Early Korean Literature: Selections and Introductions. New York: Columbia UP, 2000. Print.

Bibliography





На других языках

[de] Heo Chohui

Heo Chohui (* 1563 in Gangneung; † 19. März 1589) war eine koreanische Dichterin und Schriftstellerin, Malerin und Künstlerin, während der Joseon-Dynastie. Ihr Künstlername war Nanseolheon (난설헌, 蘭雪軒) und Nanseoljae (난설재, 蘭雪齋). Sie schrieb mehrere hundert Gedichte in Chinesischen Schriftzeichen und einem traditionellen chinesischen Stil, von denen aber nur ein Teil erhalten ist.
- [en] Heo Nanseolheon

[es] Heo Nanseonheon

Heo Nanseonheon (1563–1589), nacida en Gangneung en la provincia de Gangwon con el nombre de Heo Chohui, fue una prominente poetisa Coreana a mediados de la dinastía Joseon. Fue la hermana menor de Heo Pong, ministro y escritor político, además de ser la hermana mayor de Heo Gyun (1569–1618), un escritor destacado de su época y autor de Hong Guildongjeon.[1]

[fr] Heo Nanseolheon

Heo Chohui (hangeul : 허초희, hanja : 許楚姬, 1563 - 19 mars 1589) est une poétesse de la dynastie Joseon de Corée plus connue sous son nom de plume Heo Nanseolheon (허난설헌, 許蘭雪軒). Elle est la sœur de Heo Gyun, écrivain, poète, homme politique.


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