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Mykola Kornylovych Pymonenko (Ukrainian: Микола Корнилович Пимоненко) 9 March 1862, Priorka [uk], near Kiev, Russian Empire; [now Kyiv, Ukraine] – 26 March 1912[note 1], Kiev, Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian[1] realist painter who lived and worked in Kyiv. Pymonenko was a teacher of Kazimir Malevich (Kazymyr Malevych). Many of Malevych's early works were influenced by Pymonenko.

Mykola Pymonenko
Микола Пимоненко, or Николай Пимоненко
Self portrait (1886), National Art Museum of Ukraine
Born(1862-03-09)March 9, 1862
Priorka [uk], Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedMarch 26, 1912(1912-03-26) (aged 50)
Kiev, Russian Empire (now Kyiv, Ukraine)
EducationMember Academy of Arts
Alma materImperial Academy of Arts (1882)
Known forPainting
StyleRealism

Pymonenko is often described as a Russian painter[1][2][3][4][5] because he was painting in Kyiv within the Russian Empire. He was associated with the Odesa-based Society of South Russian Artists in southern Ukraine (1891–1896) and, as of 1893, with the Peredvizhniki, a Saint Petersburg-based society circulating exhibitions throughout the empire.[6] He is best known for his urban and rural genre scenes of farmers, country folk and working-class people.


Biography


Mykola Kornylovych Pymonenko was born 9 March 1862 in the village Priorka [uk] on the outskirts of Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Kyiv, Ukraine).[7] His father was a master iconographer,[8] of Ukrainian descent. After working as his assistant, Mykola went on to study icon painting at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra.

In 1876, Pymonenko's work was seen by Nikolay Murashko, one of the founders of the Kyiv Art School [uk], who was impressed by the young artist, and lobbied the school's financial backers to allow Pymonenko to study there for free. Two years later, Pymonenko enrolled at the school,[8] where he worked with the painter Khariton Platonov, Murashko, and others. He studied there until 1882.[8] His examination work was sent to the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in 1881, he received a licence to teach drawing in the lower secondary schools and was able to audit classes at the Academy. He married the daughter of Vladimir Orlovsky, one of his instructors.

From 1882 to 1884 Pymonenko studied at the St Petersburg Academy of Arts.[8] That year, his poor health (which was possibly caused by tuberculosis) and a lack of funds caused him to return to Kyiv, where he found work as a drawing teacher at a private school.[4] After the school closed in 1901, he moved to the Kiev Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Alexander II, and remained there for the rest of his life. From 1906 he taught at the Kyiv Art School, Kazimir Malevich being one of his most notable students.

Pymonenko in his studio
Pymonenko in his studio

In 1897, Pymonenko was involved in decorating Kyiv's St Volodymyr's Cathedral and was awarded the Order of Saint Anne for his work there. From 1893 he was a member of the Peredvizhniki,[8] and in 1899 he became a full member of the group, and was named an 'academician' in 1904.[1] He won a gold medal at the Salon in 1909 for his exhibited painting Hopak, now kept in the Louvre, in Paris.[1]

Pymonenko died in 1912 after a short illness. He was buried at the Lukyanivka Cemetery. His posthumous exhibition at the Academy of Arts, which took place in early 1913, featured 184 paintings, 419 sketches and 112 pencil drawings. In 1959, a street was named after him and, in 1997, a museum devoted to him was opened in Malyutyanka [uk], a village he visited regularly each year. Several of his works have alternate versions, painted years apart.


Reputation


Pymonenko temporarily fell out of favour with the Peredvizhniki when one of his paintings, Going Home, was used (apparently without his permission) by the Shustov Vodka Company to promote their spotykach (a type of horilka). He was accused of having become "corrupted" and was forced to sue the company to have the image removed.

In 1905 Pymonenko complained to his friend Lazarevsky: "They (Ukrainians) say that I am a renegade, that I do not love my homeland, that I do not give what is needed that my plots are pale, but that all this is not true, not true." Mykola Golubed waved: “It is clear from those words that Pymonenko was wronged as a citizen, but he was praised as an artist by the critics. Pymonenko was a true link between the painting of Shevchenko and Trutovsky."[9]


Selected paintings



Notes


  1. Russia was still using old style dates in the 19th century, rendering his lifespan as 21 March 1862 – 25 October 1893.

References


  1. Konovalov 2008, p. 386.
  2. Hook & Poltimore 1987, p. 229.
  3. Sobko N. P.: Lexikon of Russian painters, Saint Petersburg: M.M. Stasyulevich, 1893-1899 (in Russian).
  4. Brief biography @ Russian paintings.
  5. Kovtun J.: Russische Avantgarde, London 2013 (in German, translated from the Russian).
  6. "Pymonenko, Mykola". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 20 January 2021. Prominent Ukrainian realist painter{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. Stephanovich, Dmitro. "Pimonenko Mikola Kornilievich: On the 150th anniversary of his birth". Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  8. Popova 2003.
  9. Onatsky 1963, p. 1366.

Sources



Further reading




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mykola Pymonenko.

На других языках

[de] Mykola Pymonenko

Mykola Kornylijowytsch Pymonenko (* 25. Februarjul. / 9. März 1862greg. oder 9. Märzjul. / 21. März 1862greg. in Kiew, Russisches Kaiserreich; † 26. Märzjul. / 8. April 1912greg. ebenda) war ein ukrainischer Maler der Russischen Avantgarde,[1] Schöpfer zahlreicher Genrebilder,[2] und Teilnehmer der russischen künstlerischen Bewegung der Peredwischniki.
- [en] Mykola Pymonenko

[fr] Nikolaï Pimonenko

Nikolaï Pymonenko[2] (en russe : Нiколай Корнiльевiч Пимоненко ; né le 9 mars 1862 - mort le 26 mars 1912) est un peintre réaliste ukainien.

[it] Mykola Kornylovyč Pymonenko

Mykola Kornylovyč Pymonenko (in ucraino: Микола Корнилович Пимоненко?; in russo: Николай Корнильевич Пимоненко?, traslitterato: Nikolaj Kornil'evič Pimonenko; Kiev, 9 marzo 1862 – Kiev, 26 marzo 1912) è stato un pittore ucraino, che visse nell'Impero russo.

[ru] Пимоненко, Николай Корнильевич

Никола́й Корни́льевич[4] Пимоне́нко (русс. дореф.: Николай Корниліевичъ Пимоненко, укр. Микола Корнилович Пимоненко; 9 (21) марта 1862, Киев, Киевская губерния, Российская империя — 26 марта (8 апреля) 1912, там же) — русско-украинский[5] жанровый живописец, академик Императорской Санкт-Петербургской Академии художеств, член Товарищества передвижных художественных выставок[6].


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