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Victor Vasarely (French: [viktɔʁ vazaʁeli]; born Győző Vásárhelyi, Hungarian: [ˈvaːʃaːrhɛji ˈɟøːzøː]; 9 April 1906[1] – 15 March 1997) was a Hungarian-French artist, who is widely accepted as a "grandfather" and leader[2] of the Op art movement.

Victor Vasarely
Vasarely c. 1930
Born
Győző Vásárhelyi

(1906-04-09)9 April 1906
Pécs, Austria-Hungary
Died15 March 1997(1997-03-15) (aged 90)
Paris, France
NationalityHungarian
French
EducationMűhely
Known forPainting, sculpture
Notable workZebra (c. 1930s)
MovementOp art
WebsiteVictor Vasarely website

His work entitled Zebra, created in 1937, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of Op art.


Life and work


Vasarely was born in Pécs and grew up in Pöstény and Budapest, where, in 1925, he took up medical studies at Eötvös Loránd University. In 1927, he abandoned medicine to learn traditional academic painting at the private Podolini-Volkmann Academy. In 1928/1929, he enrolled at Sándor Bortnyik's private art school called Műhely (lit. "Workshop", in existence until 1938), then widely recognized as Budapest's centre of Bauhaus studies. Cash-strapped, the műhely could not offer all that the Bauhaus offered. Instead it concentrated on applied graphic art and typographical design.

In 1929, he painted his Blue Study and Green Study. In 1930, he married his fellow student Claire Spinner (1908–1990). Together they had two sons, Andre and Jean-Pierre. Jean-Pierre was also an artist and used the professional name 'Yvaral'. In Budapest, he worked for a ball-bearings company in accounting and designing advertising posters. Vasarely became a graphic designer and a poster artist during the 1930s combining patterns and organic images with each other.

Outdoor Vasarely artwork at the church of Pálos in Pécs
Outdoor Vasarely artwork at the church of Pálos in Pécs

Vasarely left Hungary and settled in Paris in 1930. He worked as a graphic artist and as a creative consultant at the advertising agencies Havas, Draeger, and Devambez (1930–1935). His interactions with other artists during this time were limited. He thought of opening an institution modelled after Sándor Bortnyik's műhely and developed some teaching material for it. Having lived mostly in cheap hotels, he settled in 1942/1944 in Saint-Céré in the Lot département. After the Second World War, he opened an atelier in Arcueil, a suburb about 10 kilometres from the centre of Paris (in the Val-de-Marne département of the Île-de-France). In 1961, he finally settled in Annet-sur-Marne (in the Seine-et-Marne département).

Vasarely eventually went on to produce art and sculpture using optical illusion. Over the next three decades, Vasarely developed his style of geometric abstract art, working in various materials but using a minimal number of forms and colours:

Tribute to Malevitch (1954), Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas
Tribute to Malevitch (1954), Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas
Supernovae (1959–61) in Tate Modern
Supernovae (1959–61) in Tate Modern
Kezdi-Ga, 1970, Screenprint in colours, Edition of 250, 50.8 cm × 50.8 cm (20.0 in × 20.0 in)
Kezdi-Ga, 1970, Screenprint in colours, Edition of 250, 50.8 cm × 50.8 cm (20.0 in × 20.0 in)

In October 1967, designer Will Burtin invited Vasarely to make a presentation to Burtin's Vision '67 conference, held at New York University. On 5 June 1970, Vasarely opened his first dedicated museum with over 500 works in a renaissance palace in Gordes (closed in 1996). A second major undertaking was the Foundation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence, a museum housed in a distinct structure specially designed by Vasarely. It was inaugurated in 1976 by French president Georges Pompidou, two years after his death. The museum is now in a state of disrepair, several of the pieces on display have been damaged by water leaking from the ceiling. Also, in 1976 his large kinematic object Georges Pompidou was installed in the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Vasarely Museum located at his birthplace in Pécs, Hungary, was established with a large donation of works by Vasarely. In the same decade, he took a stab at industrial design with a 500-piece run of the upscale Suomi tableware by Timo Sarpaneva that Vasarely decorated for the German Rosenthal porcelain maker's Studio Linie.[3] In 1982, 154 specially created serigraphs were taken into space by the cosmonaut Jean-Loup Chrétien on board the French-Soviet spacecraft Salyut 7 and later sold for the benefit of UNESCO. In 1987, the second Hungarian Vasarely museum was established in Zichy Palace in Budapest with more than 400 works.

He died age 90 in Paris on 15 March 1997.


Legacy


A new Vasarely exhibit was mounted in Paris at Musée en Herbe in 2012.

In 2019, a temporary exhibition of Vasarely's work entitled Le Partage des Formes was displayed in the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.[4]


Awards


Museum Fondation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence
Museum Fondation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence

Museums



See also



References


Citations
  1. Birth registered at county archives of Pécs http://www.bml.hu ref. no. 330/1906
  2. Smith, Roberta (18 March 1997). "Victor Vasarely, Op Art Patriarch, Dies at 90". The New York Times.
  3. [Anon.] (1976). "Faenza-Goldmedaille für SUOMI". Artis. Vol. 29. p. 8. ISSN 0004-3842.
  4. "Vasarely – Sharing Forms". Centre Pompidou. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
Further reading



На других языках


[de] Victor Vasarely

Victor Vasarely (ungarisch: Vásárhelyi Győző; * 9. April 1906[1] in Pécs; † 15. März 1997 in Paris) war ein französischer Maler und Grafiker ungarischer Abstammung. Er zählt zu den Mitbegründern der künstlerischen Richtung Op-Art.[2]
- [en] Victor Vasarely

[es] Victor Vasarely

Vásárhelyi Győző, ([ˈvaːʃaːrhɛji ˈɟøːzøː] conocido como Victor Vasarely [viktɔʁ vazaʁəli] Pécs, 9 de abril de 1906 - París, 15 de marzo de 1997) fue un artista al que se ha considerado a menudo como el padre del op art.

[fr] Victor Vasarely

Győző Vásárhelyi, dit Victor Vasarely, né le 9 avril 1906 à Pécs, en Autriche-Hongrie, et mort le 15 mars 1997 à Paris 16e, en France, est un plasticien hongrois, né austro-hongrois et naturalisé français en 1961[N 2], reconnu comme étant le père de l'art optique.

[it] Victor Vasarely

Victor Vasarely (Pécs, 9 aprile 1906 – Parigi, 15 marzo 1997) è stato un pittore e grafico ungherese naturalizzato francese.

[ru] Вазарели, Виктор

Викто́р Вазарели́ (фр. Victor Vasarely; 1906—1997), при рождении Дьёзё Ва́шархейи (венг. .mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}Vásárhelyi Győző) — французский художник, график и скульптор венгерского происхождения, ведущий представитель направления «оп-арт». Сын — художник Жан-Пьер Ивараль.



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