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Ontario College of Art & Design University[4] (French: Université de l'École d'art et de design de l'Ontario), commonly known as OCAD University (/ˈoʊkæd/ OH-kad), is a public university of art and design located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is adjacent to the Art Gallery of Ontario, within the Grange Park neighbourhood. The school is Canada's largest and oldest educational institution for art and design.[5] OCAD U offers courses through the Faculties of Art, Design, Liberal Arts and Sciences, and alternative programs. The enabling legislation is the Ontario College of Art and Design University Act, 2002 (previously the Ontario College of Art & Design Act).[4]

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Ontario College of Art & Design University

Logo of OCAD University
Other name	OCAD University
Former names	Ontario School of Art (1876–86) Toronto Art School (1886–90) Central Ontario School of Art and Industrial Design (1890–1912) Ontario College of Art (1912–96) Ontario College of Art & Design (1996–2010)
Type	Public university
Established	4 April 1876; 146 years ago (1876-04-04)[note 1]
Endowment	C$19.9 million (2022)[1]
Chancellor	Jamie Watt
President	Ana Serrano
Academic staff	400[2]
Students	4,990[3][note 2]
Undergraduates	4,600[3]
Postgraduates	390[3]
Location	Toronto , Ontario , Canada 43°39′11″N 79°23′28.3″W
Campus	Urban
Affiliations	AICAD, COU, IAU, UnivCan
Website	www.ocadu.ca

History

The institution was established by the Ontario Society of Artists in 1876 as the Ontario School of Art,[6] whose objective it was to provide professional artistic training, and further the development of art education in Ontario.[7]^: 11[note 3] The Ontario Society of Artists passed the motion to "draw up a scheme" for a school of art on 4 April 1876, and the first Ontario School of Art opened on 30 October 1876, funded by a government grant of $1,000.

The school opened on October 30, 1876 in a rented building at 14 King Street West. The enrollment was 25 students. The school moved to the Toronto Normal School building in 1883.[8][9]

Thomas Mower Martin was the founding director until 1879.[10][11] Robert Harris taught at the school as did William Cruikshank, who also served as president from 1884 to 1886.[12]

In the late-19th and early 20th centuries, the institution was renamed three times.[13][14] From 1886 to 1890 the institution was renamed the Toronto Art School. From 1890 to 1912, the school was renamed the Central Ontario School of Art and Industrial Design. In 1912, the institution was granted a charter by the province and incorporated as the Ontario College of Art (OCA) with George Agnew Reid becoming the first principal.[15] Reid would design and build the college's first purpose-built home. Today called George Reid House and still owned by the university, the two-storey structure fronting onto Grange Park opened in 1921 and was the "first building in Canada built specifically for the purpose of the education of professional artists and designers."[16][17]

The institution remained the Ontario College of Art until 1996, when it was renamed the Ontario College of Art and Design (OCAD).

In 1971–72, Roy Ascott radically challenged the pedagogy and curriculum structure of the College.[18]^: 41–68

In 2002, the provincial legislature granted university status to OCAD along with limited with the authority to confer bachelor's degrees in fine arts and design. In 2007, OCAD was given limited authority to confer graduate degrees and accepted its first cohort of graduate students the next year.[19]

In 2008, OCAD president Sara Diamond changed the pedagogy. She emphasised academics over studio time and required full-time instructors to hold an advanced degree. There was some controversy as two faculty members resigned over the changes.[20]

In 2010, Tom Traves, then president of Dalhousie University in Halifax, conducted a confidential review of how OCAD was managed. He found that the number of senior faculty and administrators was excessive. Diamond adopted most of his 30 recommendations, including increased Decanal autonomy.[21] OCAD University was awarded full degree awarding powers including honorary degrees on 1 July 2020 by the Government of Ontario.[22]

Campus

OCA's McCaul Street campus, near the Art Gallery of Ontario, was acquired after World War I with its original two-storey building, now known as George Reid House, being opened in 1921. It has been expanded several times since then.

From 1952 to 1957, OCA had a campus at the Wood Manor at Bayview Avenue and Lawrence Avenue East, which is now the location of York University's Glendon College.

From 1979 to 1997, OCA's north campus was the Stewart Building on College Street, which has since been sold to the University of Toronto.

The current OCAD campus consists of a north campus and a south campus.[23] The north campus includes the Main Building and Sharp Centre for Design, the adjacent Butterfield Park, the Annex Building, the Rosalie Sharp Pavilion, the Student Centre, the Inclusive Design Institute, and the Continuing Education Centre.[24] The south campus consists of buildings that are physically situated on Richmond Street West, plus the proposed Mirvish-Gehry development further south on King Street.[25][26]

Buildings at OCAD are referred to by their street addresses.[27] Some buildings are also assigned a building number that is encoded as the first digit in 4-digit room numbers.[24]

Academic buildings

The Main Building traces its roots to the first building that the school constructed, which was also the first building in Canada specially built for art education. Now known as the George A. Reid Wing,[28] the building was designed by the school’s principal George A. Reid in the Georgian style[7]^: 21[29]^: 15 and opened on 30 September 1921.[7]^: 16[29]^: 15[30] On 17 January 1957, the first extension, a modernist[29]^: 17 building known today as the A. J. Casson Wing,[31] was completed and was opened. Two more extensions to the building were subsequently added in 1963 and 1967.[30]

In 2000, funding was secured from Ontario’s SuperBuild program to build a fifth extension to the Main Building.[29]^: 17[30] Through Rod Robbie of Robbie/Young + Wright Architects, Will Alsop of Alsop Architects was made aware of the project and was eventually selected in 2002.[29]^: 17–18[32] A joint venture was formed between the two firms and the new extension, now known as the Sharp Centre for Design, was completed in 2004.[32][33] The design, which came out of a process of participatory design,[29]^: 18–19[33] consists of a box four storeys off the ground supported by a series of multi-coloured pillars at different angles and is often described as a tabletop.[34] The $42.5-million expansion and redevelopment has received numerous awards, including the first Royal Institute of British Architects Worldwide Award,[35][36] the award of excellence in the "Building in Context" category at the Toronto Architecture and Urban Design Awards,[37][38][39] and was deemed the most outstanding technical project overall in the 2005 Canadian Consulting Engineering Awards.[40][41][42]

Libraries and galleries

The main library on campus is the Dorothy H. Hoover Library, located in the Annex Building.[43] The Learning Zone, also located in the Annex Building, houses the OCAD Zine Library, Art & Design Annuals and the Visionnaire periodical collection.[44]

A number of galleries or exhibition spaces exist both on-campus and off-campus; a faculty gallery is also planned as part of the proposed Mirvish-Gehry development.[25] The existing major exhibition spaces are:

• Onsite [at] OCAD U. Created in 2007 as the OCAD Professional Gallery before taking on its current name in 2010, Onsite [at] OCAD U is features works by national and international professional artists and designers.[45]
• Student Gallery. The Student Gallery curates and features works submitted by current OCAD students and recent alumni.[46] The Student Gallery used to be located at 285 Dundas St. West and 76 McCaul Street. It was created in the early 1970s[47][48]
• Graduate Gallery. The Graduate Gallery is a gallery for graduate students and research faculty.[49][50]
• Xpace. The OCAD Student Union runs a gallery called the Xpace Cultural Centre, located off-campus. (Hence Xpace, which stands for "external space.") It aims to provide students and emerging artists a space to exhibit their work in a professional gallery setting, and to better respond to "contemporary issues in theory and aesthetics" in the community through the use of shorter time frames in its programming.[51][52]
• Open Gallery. The Open Gallery is an exhibition space inside the Inclusive Design Institute building at 49 McCaul Street.[53][54]

OCAD University also offers a number of online galleries, including OCAD Artist Alley[55] and OCAD U Artist Showcase[56] in collaboration with Partial Inc.

Administration

OCAD University is a publicly funded university.[57] The university operates under a bicameral system with a board of governors and a senate empowered by provincial legislation, the Ontario College of Act and Design University Act.[58] The Act was last amended in 2010, when the institution adopted its present name. The 2010 amendments also formalized the role of the university chancellor, and converted the former academic council into the academic senate and broadening its duties.[59]

The university's board of governors is charged with the management of university affairs and making major operational decisions.[58] The board has 18 members, including six individuals appointed by Government of Ontario and two members elected by OCAD University alumni. Eight members are drawn from the existing community at OCAD, with some being faculty members appointed by the Senate, and others being elected by staff and student representatives.[58][60] The senate is responsible for the educational policies of the university. The Senate is primarily made up of faclty members, although it also includes representatives from the university's administration, as well as the undergraduate and graduate student body.[58][61]

The chancellor serves as the titutal head of the university and is primarily charged with the conferment of degrees. The chancellor is appointed by the board of governors to a four-year term.[58] The university has named five chancellors, the last being Jamie Watt, who began their four-year tenure on 1 January 2022.[62] The board of governors is also empowered to appoint the university present, who acts as the chief executive officer for the university and on the board's behalf with respects to the institution's operations. By virtue of their office, the president is also the chair of the senate.[58] Ana Serrano is the current president of the university, having assumed the position on July 2020.[63]

Academics

OCAD University is a comprehensive art, design and media post-secondary institution. The university's acaemic year has two terms. These terms are further divided into two semester Fall/Winter which runs from September to April, and Spring/Summer which runs from May through August.[64]

The university is organized into three faculties, the Faculty of Art, the Faculty of Design, and the Faculty of Arts and Science. As of 2022, the three faculties offer 18 undergraduate programs and seven graduate programs.[65] In the 2020–21 academic year, the university had an enrolment of over 4,100 full-time undergraduate and graduate students. In the same year, there were 2,345 people that enrolled in a OCAD University School of Continuing Studies course.[66] In 2018, OCAD University had a total of 158 instructional faculty members.[67]

In 2018, the university conferred 670 bachelor's degrees and 89 master's degrees.[68] Undergraduate degrees conferred by the university includes bachelor of arts, bachelor of design, and bachelor of fine arts. Graduate degrees issued by the university includes master of arts, master of design, and master of fine arts.[65][69]

The university holds membership in a number of national and international post-secondary organizations, such as the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design and Universities Canada.[70][71]

Reputation

In the 2022 QS World University Rankings for the subject of art and design, OCAD placed 101–150 out of 230 universities.[69]

Research

As of 2022, the university operates over 20 research centres and labs, including the INVC Research Centre, the Inclusive Design Research Centre (IDRC).[72] The latter is a research centre focused on inclusive design and coordinates the Inclusive Design Institute.[73]

During the 2020–21 academic year, the university received over $7.2 million in contributions for research purposes.[66] As of 2022, four faculty members from the university are Canada Research Chairs. Three chairholders are part of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, while the other is a part of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.[74] In the 2019–20 academic year, the university received 24 awards and $690,625 in research funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.[75]

In addition to research centres and labs, the university also supports two business incubators, the Imagination Catalyst and the Mobile Experience Innovation Centre. The Imagination Catalyst is coordinated through the Digital Futures Implementation office, which provides incubator support for students, alumni, and faculty, and was established in August 2011 through the merger of the Digital Futures Accelerator and the Design Incubator.[76][77] The Mobile Experience Innovation Centre is another incubator with a focus on applied research in mobile technology.[78]

The university is a part of several research networks and joint-research project, including the Centre for Innovation in Information Visualization and Data-Driven Design, and the Inclusive Design Institute. The former is a research project led by York University in partnership with OCAD, the University of Toronto, and other private sector partners to develop new design, analytics and visualization techniques for new computational tools. The latter organization serves as a hub for research into inclusive designs for information and communications technology. The Inclusive Design Institute serves as a hub for research into inclusive designs for information and communications technology. The institute is coordinated by the IRDC and is headed by Jutta Treviranus, an OCAD University faculty member. The institute has eight partner post-secondary institutions, and is headed at OCAD University's campus.[79]

Admissions

The requirements for admission differ between students from Ontario, students from other provinces in Canada, and students based outside of Canada, due to the lack of uniformity in marking schemes between provinces and countries. In addition to academic requirements, the university also requires applicants whose first language is not English to present proof that they are proficient in the English language.[80]

In 2017, the university reported a retention rate 92.2 per cent of first year students that advanced to their second year.[81]

Student life

Demographics of student body (2017–18)

	Undergraduate	Graduate
Male[82][83]	29.0%	26.2%
Female[82][83]	71.0%	73.8%
Canadian student[84]	74.5%	25.5%
International student[84]	77.6%	22.4%

In 2021, the university's student body included over 4,600 full-time and part-time undergraduate students, as well as 390 full-time and part-time graduate students.[3] At the start of the 2020–21 academic year, the student body was primarily made up of Canadians, with approximately 74.7 per cent of all OCAD students holding Canadian citizenship.[84]

The university's student body population is represented by the OCAD Student Union (OCADSU), which is a member organization of the Canadian Federation of Students. Services provided by OCADSU includes academic advocacy, legal services, and student grants.[85] In addition to OCADSU, there are also several cultural, social, and recreational student groups that are officially registered with the university.[86]

Insignias and other representations

The institution has used a logo as early as 1903 to serve as its visual identifier. Since that time, the institution has used at least nine logos. The present logo was introduced in 2011 in order for it to better reflect the institution's name change in 2010. The logo was designed by Bruce Mau Design. Gotham was the typefaced used in the logo.[87]

Notable people

A number of individuals are associated with the university either as alumni, or members of its administration or faculty. As of 2022, there were over 25,000 OCAD University alumni worldwide.[88] Alumni are able to join the OCAD Alumni Association, an independent group of OCAD graduates.[89]

See also

• Higher education in Ontario
• List of art schools
• List of universities in Ontario

Notes

References

External links

• Official website

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