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Bacchus, originally Saint John the Baptist, is a painting in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, France, based on a drawing by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. It is presumed to have been executed by an unknown follower, perhaps in Leonardo's workshop. Sydney J. Freedberg assigns the drawing to Leonardo's second Milan period.[1] Among the Lombard painters who have been suggested as possible authors are Cesare da Sesto,[lower-alpha 1] Marco d'Oggiono, Francesco Melzi,[2] and Cesare Bernazzano. The painting shows a male figure with garlanded head and leopard skin, seated in an idyllic landscape. He points with his right hand off to his left, and with his left hand grasps his thyrsus and also points down to earth.

Bacchus
ArtistWorkshop of Leonardo da Vinci
Year1510–1515
TypeOil on walnut panel transferred to canvas
Dimensions177 cm × 115 cm (70 in × 45 in)
LocationLouvre, Paris
Bacchus is seen here after recent restoration work. Colors closer to original and details are better visible again.
Bacchus is seen here after recent restoration work. Colors closer to original and details are better visible again.

The painting originally depicted John the Baptist. In the late 17th century, between the years 1683 and 1693, it was overpainted and altered to serve as Bacchus.[lower-alpha 2]

The model for the John the Baptist / Bacchus / Angelo incarnato series was Salaì.[3]

Cassiano dal Pozzo remarked of the painting in its former state, which he saw at Fontainebleau in 1625, that it had neither devotion, decorum nor similitude,[4] the suavely beautiful, youthful and slightly androgynous Giovannino was so at variance with artistic conventions in portraying the Baptist – neither the older ascetic prophet nor the Florentine baby Giovannino, but a type of Leonardo's invention, of a disconcerting, somewhat ambiguous sensuality, familiar in Leonardo's half-length and upward-pointing Saint John the Baptist, also in the Louvre.[5]

The overpainting transformed the image of St. John into one of a pagan deity, by converting the long-handled cross-like staff of the Baptist to a Bacchic thyrsus and adding a vine wreath. The fur robe is the legacy of John the Baptist, but has been overpainted with leopard-spots relating, like the wreath, to Bacchus, the Roman god of wine and intoxication.


Copies


Few copies done by Leonardeschi artists are known. One of them is attributed to Bernardino Lanino (panel, 24 x 24 cm) and is held at the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh. It depicts St John the Baptist in Wilderness, however, the saint is placed to a background of grotto with some sight of high rocks, a river, riders and a hanged man. Another copy of 15th-16th centuries is held at Musee Ingres, Montauban. Another copy, attributed to follower of Cesare da Sesto was sold in auction at Christie's on 23 April 2008.


References



Footnotes


  1. Cesare is most often credited with the best of three copies of this work in its original formulation, on loan to the National Gallery of Scotland.
  2. It was inventoried in 1683 at Saint Jean dans le désert at Fontainebleau and in 1693 at Meudon as Bacchus, with a marginal note that it had been previously inventoried as Saint John. (Freedberg 1982:285, note 16).

Citations


  1. S.J. Freedberg, "A Recovered Work of Andrea del Sarto with Some Notes on a Leonardesque Connection" The Burlington Magazine 124 No. 950 (May 1982:266, 281–288) p. 285; the badly smudged and damaged red chalk drawing, conserved in the Museo del Santuario del Sacro Monte, Varese, is illustrated p.284, fig. 27.
  2. Freedberg 1982, p. 285
  3. Pedretti, Carlo (2009). Leonardo da Vinci : l'Angelo incarnato & Salai = the Angel in the flesh & Salai. Margherita Melani, Daniel Arasse, da Vinci Leonardo. Foligno (Perugia): Cartei & Bianchi. p. 201. ISBN 978-88-95686-11-0. OCLC 500794484.
  4. Noted by A. Ottino della Chiesa, Leonardo Pittore (Milan) 1967:109, from a document in the Vatican Library.
  5. See Marilyn Aronberg Lavin, "Giovannino Battista: A Study in Renaissance Religious Symbolism" The Art Bulletin 37.2. (June 1955:85-101).

Further reading



На других языках

[de] Bacchus (Leonardo da Vinci)

Bacchus (it.: Bacco) ist ein Gemälde des italienischen Renaissancekünstlers Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Es wird um 1510 bis 1515 datiert und befindet sich im Bestand des Louvre in Paris.
- [en] Bacchus (Leonardo)

[es] Baco (Leonardo)

Baco (en italiano, Bacco) es un cuadro atribuido a menudo al pintor renacentista italiano Leonardo da Vinci. Está pintado al óleo sobre tabla transferido a lienzo y mide 177 cm. de alto y 115 cm. de ancho y data del periodo 1510-1515. Se conserva en el Museo del Louvre de París (Francia).

[fr] Bacchus ou Saint Jean Baptiste

Bacchus est un tableau attribué à Léonard de Vinci ou à son atelier.

[it] Bacco (Leonardo)

Il Bacco su un precedente san Giovanni Battista è un dipinto a olio su tavola trasportato su tela (177 × 115 cm) attribuito a Leonardo da Vinci e bottega, databile al 1510-1515 e conservato nel Museo del Louvre a Parigi.

[ru] Вакх (Леонардо да Винчи)

«Вакх» (итал. Bacco), ранее известная как «Святой Иоанн Креститель» (итал. San Giovanni Battista), — картина, хранящаяся в Лувре, в Париже, основанная на рисунке итальянского художника эпохи Возрождения Леонардо да Винчи. Предполагается, что она была создана его неизвестным последователем, возможно, в мастерской Леонардо да Винчи. Искусствовед Сидней Дж. Фридберг отнёс рисунок ко второму миланскому периоду Леонардо[2]. Среди ломбардских художников, которые были предложены в качестве возможных авторов «Вакха», были Чезаре да Сесто, Марко д’Оджоно, Франческо Мельци[3] и Чезаре Бернаццано. На картине изображена мужская фигура с украшенной венками головой и леопардовой шкурой, сидящая на фоне идиллического пейзажа. Он указывает своей правой рукой налево, а левой рукой, обхватывая свой тирс, таким же жестом указывает вниз на землю.


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