The Queen Victoria Memorial in Lancaster, Lancashire, England, is a Grade II* listed building.[1] It stands in the centre of Dalton Square, Lancaster facing Lancaster Town Hall. It was erected in 1906, being commissioned and paid for by James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton.[2]
The monument was designed by Herbert Hampton (1862–1929) a prolific sculptor and stone carver[3] who also designed the exterior of the Ashton Memorial in Lancaster
Description
The memorial is of Portland stone with bronze sculpture. A statue of Queen Victoria stands on a tall pedestal facing South, "looking a little pensively over the square," according to Nikolaus Pevsner.[2]
The pedestal sits on a tall square plinth with rounded corners accompanied by four bronze lions at the ordinal points.
Around the plinth is an unbroken bas relief frieze of bronze. At the corners, facing ordinal points, are four figurative sculptures, each depicting an allegory of Freedom (northeast), Truth (southeast), Wisdom (southwest) and Justice (northwest).[2]
On the four cardinal faces are near life size likenesses of fifty three prominent British figures from the Victorian era.
Of the fifty three persons depicted upon the plinth of the Queen Victoria Monument only two are women: George Eliot and Florence Nightingale.
Five of those depicted were born in Lancaster or the surrounding area: William Turner, Edward Frankland, Richard Owen, William Whewell, James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton.
At the time of construction, of the people featured on the monument, six were still alive: William Turner, Luke Fildes, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Florence Nightingale and James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton himself, the author of the monument.
Amongst the people of Lancaster, the monument is also known as "King Victoria", because of the shape of the silhouette against the Western sky at dusk.
Gallery
Allegory of "freedom" depicted on the NE corner
Allegory of "wisdom" depicted on the SW corner
Allegory of "truth" depicted on the SE corner
Allegory of "justice" depicted on the NW corner
East Frieze
East Frieze
The frieze on the east face of the monument depicts thirteen prominent Victorians from the fields of arts and culture. They are, from left to right:
"Irving" is Sir Henry Irving (real name John Henry Brodribb) (1838–1905) Actor
"Geo Stephenson" is George Stephenson (1781–1848) Civil engineer
"Wheatstone" is Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802–1875) Developer of telegraphy
"Kelvin" is William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907) Mathematician and physicist
"Faraday" is Michael Faraday (1791–1867) Scientist and natural philosopher
North Frieze
North Frieze
The North frieze depicts prominent people of Victorian times from a variety of fields, a "mixed bag of Worthies" Nikolaus Pevsner.[2] They are, from left to right:
"Pitman" is Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897) Deviser of shorthand writing
"Whewell" is William Whewell (1794–1866) Writer on the history and philosophy of science
"Florence Nightingale" is Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) Reformer of Army Medical Services and of nursing organisation
"Franklin" is Sir John Franklin (1786–1847) Naval officer and Arctic explorer
"Gordon" is Charles George Gordon (1833–1885) Army officer
"Livingstone" is David Livingstone (1813–1873) Explorer and missionary
"Bishop Fraser" is James Fraser (1818–1885) Reforming Anglican Bishop of Manchester
"Kingsley" is Henry Kingsley (1830–1876) Novelist and essayist
"Booth" is William Booth (1829–1912), Founder of the Salvation Army
"Shaftesbury" is Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury (1801–1885) Philanthropist and politician
"Russell of Killowen" is Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen (1832–1900), Judge
"Brougham" is Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux (1795–1886) Law
"Rowland Hill" is Sir Rowland Hill (1795–1879) Postal reformer and civil servant
"James Williamson" is James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton (1842–1930), Linoleum manufacturer and politician
Recent history
Silhouette of the memorial viewed from the East
The memorial was given its Grade II* listed building status in 1970.[1]
In 2012, English Heritage (now Historic England) declared the monument to be at risk due to its deteriorating condition. "The bronze is corroding (green patina).The stonework suffers from staining and the monument is often subject to graffiti"[4] and it was placed on the "Heritage at Risk" register of that year.[4]
In 2014, Lancaster City Council announced its wish to see some restoration to the monument, if suitable funds could be raised publicly or privately.[5]
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