art.wikisort.org - SculptureA bronze statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, also known as Brunel Monument or the Isambard Brunel Monument,[1] by Carlo Marochetti, stands on the Victoria Embankment in London, England, at the west end of Temple Place.[2] The statue rests on a Portland stone pedestal, with flanking screens and benches, by the architect Richard Norman Shaw.[3]
Description
The 8 ft (2.4 m) 2.45m bronze statue portrays Brunel standing casually, bareheaded, with his left leg slightly forward. The figure wears contemporary Victorian dress of frock coat, waistcoat, shirt, bow tie, and trousers, with a pair of compasses in his hands, but without the characteristic top hat or cigar in the widely recognised 1857 photograph. He gazes upstream under the arches of Waterloo Bridge towards Hungerford Bridge, although Brunel's Hungerford Bridge was removed in 1860 and the chains used to complete Clifton Suspension Bridge.
The tall square Portland stone pedestal has flanking walls topped with scrolls incorporating benches below was commissioned from Shaw, and bears the inscription "ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNEL/ CIVIL ENGINEER/ BORN 1806 DIED 1859".
Background
A memorial committee of the Institute of Civil Engineers commissioned the sculpture in 1860, some months after Brunel's death on 14 September 1859.[4] While protracted discussions continued about an appropriate site to erect it and other statues, the bronze statue was completed in 1864 and kept in storage, and Marochetti died in 1867.[5]
The Institute of Civil Engineers had also commissioned Marochetti to make a similar statue of Brunel's rival engineer Robert Stephenson, who died a few weeks after Brunel on 12 October 1859, and then a third statue for the railway engineer Joseph Locke who died a year later, on 18 September 1860. The intention was to erect the three statues together in a prominent position in Parliament Square, then known as the churchyard of St Margaret's, Westminster, near the statue of George Canning beside the offices of the Institute of Civil Engineers at One Great George Street. After initially granting permission, the Office of Works decided against in 1868, reserving the space for statues of politicians.[6]
Ultimately the three statues were erected separately. Marochetti's statue of Joseph Locke was installed in Locke Park, Barnsley, in 1866.[7] The statue and its enclosure were listed at Grade II in 1986.[8] A copy is displayed in Barentin, France, where Locke designed a railway viaduct. The statue of Robert Stephenson was donated to the London and North Western Railway, and installed on a red granite pedestal outside Euston railway station in 1871. The statue in the station forecourt is one of few surviving elements of the original station after it was redeveloped in the 1960s, and it was listed at Grade II in 1974.[9][10][11]
Installation
For Brunel's statue, Shaw was commissioned to design a stone pedestal. His design, with novel flanking walls creating a screen, was accepted in 1874, and the pedestal was completed and the statue installed in 1877.[3] (The National Portrait Gallery has a half-plate negative photograph of the statue by Elliott & Fry which they date to 1857, although the plinth shows Brunel's date of death in 1859.[12])
The statue became a grade II listed building in 1958.[3] The statue and screen were restored in 1950, repairing damage caused by both the weather and by enemy action during the Second World War.
Copies
A bronze resin copy of Marochetti's statue was unveiled in 1973 in Havelock Square, Swindon, mounted on a tall cylindrical granite plinth with wider rim, resembling a smokestack or top hat, on the opening of the first stage of the Brunel shopping centre. It was reinstalled after building works in 2018.[13]
A half-length bust of the statue is installed beside North Street, Saltash, looking east towards the Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge and the Tamar Bridge.[14]
Photograph of Brunel in 1857
Marochetti statue of Brunel, 1857 [sic]
Brunel statue in 2014
Modern replica of the Brunel statue in
Swindon in 2018
Marochetti's bronze
statue of Robert Stephenson was erected at Euston station in 1870; pictured in 2007
Statue of Joseph Locke, in Locke Park, Barnsley, in 2007
References
- MacLeod, Christine (20 December 2007). Heroes of Invention: Technology, Liberalism and British Identity, 1750–1914. Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 9780521873703. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- "Sir Marc Isambard Brunel". The Mechanical News: An Illustrated Journal of Manufacturing, Engineering, Milling and Mining. J. Leffel & Company. 23 (2): 39. 1893. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- Historic England. "Statue of I K Brunel (1357346)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Baron Marochetti, 1864, The Victorian Web
- Baron (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti, Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951, University of Glasgow
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel, from Philip Ward-Jackson's Marochetti catalogue, FineArtFacts
- Joseph Locke, from Philip Ward-Jackson's Marochetti catalogue, FineArtFacts
- Statue of Joseph Locke and enclosure in Locke Park, National Heritage List for England, Historic England
- Statue of Robert Stephenson in Euston Station Forecourt, National Heritage List for England, Historic England
- Richard Norman Shaw, Andrew Saint, Yale University Press for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 2010, ISBN 0300155263, p.48
- Robert Stephenson, from Philip Ward-Jackson's Marochetti catalogue, FineArtFacts
- Statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel at Temple, London, National Portrait Gallery
- "Brunel welcomed back to Swindon", Swindon Advertiser, 11 August 2016
- "All set for Brunel events", Cornish Times, 10 March 2006
External links
Isambard Kingdom Brunel |
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Railways |
- Great Western
- Bristol and Exeter
- Bristol and Gloucester
- Bristol and South Wales Union
- Cheltenham and Great Western Union
- Cornwall
- Dartmouth and Torbay
- East Somerset
- Great Western and Brentford
- Llynvi Valley
- Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton
- South Devon
- South Devon and Tavistock
- South Wales
- South Wales Mineral
- Taff Vale
- Vale of Neath
- West Cornwall
- West Somerset
- Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth
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Railway stations | |
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Bridges and viaducts |
- Angarrack viaduct
- Avon Bridge
- Bishop's Bridge
- Chepstow Bridge
- Chippenham viaduct
- Clifton Suspension Bridge
- Cornwall Railway viaducts
- Cumberland Basin swing bridges
- "Devil's Bridge", Uphill
- Gatehampton Railway Bridge
- Hungerford Bridge
- Landore Viaduct
- Loughor Viaduct
- Maidenhead Bridge
- Moulsford Railway Bridge
- Royal Albert Bridge
- Somerset Bridge
- Three Bridges, London
- Usk Bridge
- Wharncliffe Viaduct
- Windsor Bridge
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Tunnels and earthworks |
- Box Tunnel
- Cockett Tunnel
- Great Western Main Line
- Llansamlet arches
- Sapperton Tunnel
- Sonning Cutting
- South Devon Banks
- South Devon Railway sea wall
- Thames Tunnel
- Wellington Bank, Somerset
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Ships, harbours and waterways |
- Great Western Steamship Company
- SS Great Western
- SS Great Britain
- SS Great Eastern
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel Standing Before the Launching Chains of the Great Eastern (1857 photograph)
- SS Archimedes borrowed by Brunel, used for propeller tests
- Brentford Dock
- Bristol Harbour
- Cumberland Basin
- Underfall Yard
- Millbay Docks
- Monkwearmouth docks
- Westport Canal
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Other engineering and building |
- Atmospheric railway
- Balloon flange girder
- Baulk road
- Brook House, Steventon
- Crew's Hole tar works
- Crystal Palace water towers
- Great Exhibition (Brunel on committee)
- Broad gauge
- Malmaison Hotel, Reading
- Renkioi Hospital
- Fellow of the Royal Society
- Institution of Civil Engineers (VP from 1850)
- Abraham-Louis Breguet (trained Brunel)
- Robert Pearson Brereton (Chief assistant)
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Personal |
- Marc Isambard Brunel (father)
- Sophia Kingdom (mother)
- Lindsey House (childhood home)
- University of Caen Normandy
- Lycée Henri-IV
- Henry Marc Brunel (second son)
- Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream (picture commissioned by Brunel)
- Brunel Manor (commissioned by Brunel for his retirement)
- Sarah Guppy, whose portrait was painted by Brunel
- Kensal Green Cemetery
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Legacy and commemoration |
- Statues of Brunel
- Brunel Museum
- Being Brunel
- Blue plaque, 98 Cheyne Walk
- List of Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmarks (SS Great Britain #97)
- Brunel University London
- NR Brunel (Network Rail typeface)
- Brunel Award
- 100 Greatest Britons (Brunel #2)
- Two Brunel £2 coins in 2006
- 2012 London Olympics opening ceremony featured Brunel
- Brunel (opera project)
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• Other works of Brunel |
Public art and memorials in London |
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Portrait sculpture |
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British/English royalty | |
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Arts | |
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Explorers | |
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Merchants | |
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Military | |
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Nurses | |
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Politics | British | Prime ministers | |
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Other politicians | |
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International | |
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Religion | |
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Science and engineering | |
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Social reformers and humanitarians | |
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Sport | |
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Fictional characters | |
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See also | |
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Other monuments and memorials |
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War memorials | Pre-C20 | |
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Boer Wars | |
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WWI · WWII | Regimental | |
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Local | |
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Corporate | |
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Holocaust | |
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Post-WWII | |
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Blue plaques |
- Camden
- Kensington and Chelsea
- City of Westminster
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Other works |
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Sculptures | Elisabeth Frink | |
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Barbara Hepworth | |
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Henry Moore | |
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Eduardo Paolozzi | |
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The Line | |
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Fountains | |
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Murals |
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Land art | |
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See also |
- Art on the Underground
- Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm
- London Mural Preservation Society
- Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association
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By location |
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City of Westminster |
- Belgravia1
- Covent Garden2
- Green Park
- Hyde Park
- Kensington1
- Kensington Gardens1
- Knightsbridge1
- Mayfair
- Millbank
- Paddington
- Pimlico
- St James's
- St Marylebone
- Soho
- Strand
- Trafalgar Square
- Victoria
- Victoria Embankment3
- Westminster
- Whitehall
- 1 Partly in Kensington and Chelsea
- 2 Partly in Camden
- 3 Partly in the City of London
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- City of London
- Barking and Dagenham
- Barnet
- Bexley
- Brent
- Bromley
- Camden
- Croydon
- Ealing
- Enfield
- Greenwich
- Hackney
- Hammersmith and Fulham
- Haringey
- Harrow
- Havering
- Hillingdon
- Hounslow
- Islington
- Kensington and Chelsea
- Kingston
- Lambeth
- Lewisham
- Merton
- Newham
- Redbridge
- Richmond
- Southwark
- Sutton
- Tower Hamlets
- Waltham Forest
- Wandsworth
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Key: No longer extant, on public display or in London (see List of public art formerly in London) |
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