art.wikisort.org - Painting

Search / Calendar

View of Delft (Dutch: Gezicht op Delft) is an oil painting by Johannes Vermeer, painted ca. 1659–1661. The painting of the Dutch artist's hometown is among his best known,[1] painted at a time when cityscapes were rare. It is one of three known paintings of Delft by Vermeer, along with The Little Street and the lost painting House Standing in Delft.[2] The use of pointillism in the work suggests that it postdates The Little Street, and the absence of bells in the tower of the New Church dates it to 1660–1661. Vermeer's View of Delft has been held in the Dutch Royal Cabinet of Paintings at the Mauritshuis in The Hague since its establishment in 1822.

Not to be confused with A View of Delft.
View of Delft
Dutch: Gezicht op Delft
ArtistJohannes Vermeer
Yearc. 1660-1661
MediumOil on canvas
MovementBaroque painting, Dutch Golden Age painting
Dimensions96.5 cm × 115.7 cm (38.0 in × 45.6 in)
LocationMauritshuis, The Hague
A photograph taken in 2019 from approximately the point where Vermeer painted the painting.
A photograph taken in 2019 from approximately the point where Vermeer painted the painting.

Description


The landscape was painted from an elevated position to the southeast of Delft, possibly the upper floor of a house on the quayside across the river Schie. The artist is looking back to the city to the northwest, with the Schiedam Gate [nl] in the middle of the composition, and the Rotterdam Gate [nl] and its barbican to the right, all reflected in the water of the harbour created in 1616–1620. Behind the Schiedam Gate is the long red-roofed arsenal (the Armamentarium).

It is a morning scene, with the sun to the east (viewer's right) illuminating the Protestant Nieuwe Kerk ("New Church", right of centre) before its bells were replaced in 1660. The New Church in Delft is the burial place of William the Silent and other members of the House of Orange-Nassau.

To the left is the tower the "De Papegaey" (Parrot) brewery (since demolished) and, to its left, the top of the tower of the Oude Kerk ("Old Church"). Some barges are drawn up on the quayside, with a few people passing by. The top half of the painting is dominated by a cloudy sky, with a dark cloud suggesting a rain shower has just passed.

It is believed that Vermeer created this painting using an optical device—possibly a camera obscura, or a telescope—to capture the detail.

In July 2020, Professor Donald Olson, of Texas State University, published research shedding new light on the date and time captured by the painting.[3]


Painting materials


The technical analysis[4] shows that Vermeer used a limited choice of pigments for this painting: calcite, lead white, yellow ochre, natural ultramarine and madder lake are the main painting materials.[5] His painting technique, on the other hand, is very elaborate and meticulous.[6]


Legacy


The painting may have been bought by Pieter van Ruijven and inherited by his daughter Magdalena. It is known to have passed through the collection of her husband Jacob Dissius, who auctioned it on 16 May 1696. In the auction catalog the picture was No. 32 ("The town of Delft in perspective, seen from the south"), and was sold for 200 guilders.[7] In the eighteenth century it was owned by merchant Willem Philip Kops. After his death it passed on to his wife, who in turn after her death in 1820 passed it on to her daughter, Johanna Kops, who finally decided to auction it.[8] It was auctioned in 1822, and bought for 2,900 guilders for the new Dutch Royal Cabinet of Paintings established at the Mauritshuis.

The painting features in Marcel Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time, in the death scene of the writer Bergotte, in The Captive, who dies just in front of the View of Delft. Bergotte before dying had taken inspiration from Vermeer's technique: "That's how I ought to have written .... My last books are too dry, I ought to have ... made my language precious in itself, like this little patch of yellow wall ('petit pan de mur jaune')". Proust himself greatly admired Vermeer (spelling it "Ver Meer", the old way), particularly this painting. On 1 May 1921, in a letter to his friend Jean-Louis Vaudoyer, Proust mentioned when he saw the work for the first time:

Ever since I saw the View of Delft in the museum in The Hague, I have known that I had seen the most beautiful painting in the world.[9][10]

In 1921, although severely ill, Proust visited the Jeu de Paume, an exhibition in which there was also the View of Delft. On the way to the museum he collapsed for a sudden feeling of weakness.

In 2011, the painting was featured on gold and silver commemorative coins issued by the Royal Dutch Mint.[11]


See also



References


  1. Slatkes, Leonard J. (16 July 1981). Vermeer and his contemporaries. Abbeville Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-89659-195-0. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  2. Montias, John Michael (1 January 1991). Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History. Princeton University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-691-00289-7. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  3. "'Celestial Sleuth' sheds new light on Vermeer's masterpiece, 'View of Delft'". July 2021.
  4. Kuhn, H. A Study of the Pigments and Grounds used by Jan Vermeer. Reports and Studies in the History of Art, 1968, 154–202
  5. Johannes Vermeer, 'View of Delft', ColourLex
  6. Arthur K. Wheelock Jr. and C. J. Kaldenbach, Vermeer’s View of Delft” and His Vision of Reality, Artibus et Historiae, Vol. 3, No. 6 (1982), pp. 9–35
  7. Schneider, Norbert (2004). Vermeer. Sämtliche Gemälde. Köln: Taschen. p. 19.
  8. Runia, Epco (2005). Peter van der Ploeg: Vermeer in the Mauritshuis. Zwolle: Waanders. p. 56.
  9. "Autographed letter from Marcel Proust to Jean-Louis Vaudoyer" (in French). Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  10. Townsend, Gabrielle (1 January 2008). Proust's Imaginary Museum. Peter Lang. p. 232. ISBN 9783039111244.
  11. Alexander, Michael (15 April 2011). "New Coins Pay Homage to Dutch Artwork and the Old Dutch Masters". Coin Update. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

Further reading





На других языках

[de] Ansicht von Delft

Die Ansicht von Delft ist eine Stadtansicht von Jan Vermeer, die seine Heimatstadt Delft zeigt. Das 96,5 Zentimeter hohe und 115,7 Zentimeter breite Ölgemälde entstand 1660/1661. Heute hängt es im Mauritshuis in Den Haag. Das Gemälde ist eines von nur zwei erhalten gebliebenen Bildern im Werk von Vermeer, die eine Außenansicht zeigen. Das andere ist die wesentlich kleinere, 1657/1658 entstandene Straße in Delft.
- [en] View of Delft

[es] Vista de Delft

Vista de Delft (en neerlandés, Gezicht op Delft) es una obra del pintor holandés Johannes Vermeer. Está realizado en óleo sobre lienzo. Se calcula que fue pintado hacia 1660-1661.[1] Mide 96,5 cm de alto y 115,7 cm de ancho. Se conserva en el Mauritshuis de La Haya, Países Bajos.

[fr] Vue de Delft

Vue de Delft (Gezicht op Delft) est un tableau du peintre néerlandais Johannes Vermeer. L'huile sur toile fut peinte entre 1659 et 1660, et est actuellement exposée au Mauritshuis, à La Haye.

[it] Veduta di Delft

La Veduta di Delft è un dipinto olio su tela (96,5x115,7 cm) di Jan Vermeer, databile al 1660-1661 circa e conservato nella Mauritshuis dell'Aia. L'opera è firmata in basso a sinistra sulla barca "IV M". Fu una delle opere con cui prese inizio la riscoperta del pittore, anche da parte del pubblico non specialistico.

[ru] Вид Делфта

«Вид Делфта» (нидерл. Gezicht op Delft) — одна из наиболее известных картин голландского художника Яна Вермеера, на которой изображен родной для Вермеера город Делфт. Является одной из самых больших по размеру картин художника и одним из двух его пейзажей.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии