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Giovanni Pietro Bellori (15 January 1613 – 19 February 1696),[1] also known as Giovan Pietro Bellori or Gian Pietro Bellori, was an Italian painter and antiquarian, but, more famously, a prominent biographer of artists of the 17th century, equivalent to Giorgio Vasari in the 16th century. His Lives of the Artists (Vite de' Pittori, Scultori et Architetti Moderni[2]), published in 1672, was influential in consolidating and promoting the theoretical case for classical idealism in art.[3] «Bellori is the "predecessor of Winckelmann" not only as an antiquarian but also as an art theorist. Winckelmann's theory of the "ideally beautiful" as he expounds it in Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums, IV.2.33 ff., thoroughly agrees—except for the somewhat stronger Neoplatonic impact, which is to be explained perhaps more as an influence of Raphael Mengs than as an influence of Shaftesbury—with the content of Bellori's Idea (to which Winckelmann also owes his acquaintance with the letters of Raphael and Guido Reni); he frankly recognizes this indebtedness in Anmerkungen zur Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums (1767), p. 36.»[4] As an art historical biographer, he favoured classicising artists rather than Baroque artists to the extent of omitting some of the key artistic figures of 17th-century art altogether.

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Giovanni Pietro Bellori
Gian Pietro Bellori, portrait by Carlo Maratta
Born	15 January 1613  Rome, Papal States
Died	19 February 1696  (aged 83) Rome, Papal States
Resting place	Sant'Isidoro a Capo le Case
Occupation	Biographer, painter, librarian, art historian, historian, archaeologist
Works	The Lives of the Artists
Movement	Baroque

Biography

Bellori, possibly the nephew of the antiquarian collector and writer Francesco Angeloni, lived in Angeloni's home in Rome. As a young man, he apparently took art lessons from the painter Domenichino and became a member of the Accademia di San Luca, the painting academy in Rome.

Bellori was curator of antiquities for Pope Clement X. In 1671, he was appointed secretary of the Accademia di San Luca. He was later appointed as librarian and antiquarian to Queen Christina of Sweden. He died in 1696 in Rome and was buried in the Church of S. Isidoro.

Works

In 1664 Bellori delivered an influential speech to the Accademia on the Ideal in Art. In 1672 he published this as a preface to his biographies of recent and contemporary artists, entitled: Le vite de’ pittori, scultori et architetti moderni (The lives of the modern painters, sculptors, and architects).

Bellori's Lives of the Artists covers the brothers Annibale Carracci and Agostino Carracci, Domenico Fontana, Federico Barocci, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Francois Duquesnoy, Domenico Zampieri (il Domenichino), Giovanni Lanfranco, Alessandro Algardi and Nicolas Poussin. He planned a work on Bolognese artists, but, only completed entries for Guido Reni, Andrea Sacchi and Carlo Maratta.

Views

In Bellori's view, the Renaissance ideal had been rescued from the tangled post-Raphael and Michelangelo styles now known as Mannerism, by the robust classicism of those following Annibale Carracci's lead.[5] Bellori advocated idealism over realism or naturalism. This famously led to Bellori's reverence of the painting of Annibale Carracci and repudiation of Caravaggio. His writing of the 'Idea' is influenced by Giovanni Battista Agucchi, Vasari, Leon Battista Alberti, Aristotle and others. In Bellori's Lives the artists he most admired were Domenichino and Nicolas Poussin; his friend the sculptor Alessandro Algardi was praised while Bernini was not mentioned and he included the painters Andrea Sacchi and his pupil Carlo Maratta, however, he omitted Pietro da Cortona. Bellori often relied for his facts on the earlier biographies of Roman artists by Giovanni Baglione.

Vasari's definition of disegno or design, at that time seen as the most important artistic element, is tied up in the concept of 'prudence'. An artist's work could essentially be seen as a series of choices, and the wisdom of these choices was owed to the character or 'prudence' of the artist. This forms the basis of subsequent value judgments in art by Bellori and his contemporaries. Bellori and Agucchi, after Aristotle, equated the practice of idealism with prudent choice, and naturalism with poor prudence.

Notes

Bibliography

• Bellori, Giovanni Pietro (1672). Vite de'Pittori, Scultori et Architetti Moderni, Parte Prima. Rome: Mascardi.
• 'Corpus informatico belloriano', edited by Paola Barocchi, Sonia Maffei, Tomaso Montanari. Centro di Ricerche Informatiche per i Beni Culturali della Scuola Normale di Pisa.
• Haskell, Francis (1993). "Chapter 6". Patrons and Painters: Art and Society in Baroque Italy. 1980. Yale University Press. pp. 158–161.
• Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (2010). Commentary on Annibale Carracci Introduces Painting to Apollo and Minerva, etching by Pietro Aquila (1640–1692/1700), after a drawing by Carlo Maratti, frontispiece to Galeriae Farnesianae Icones..., a catalogue of Carracci's Palazzo Farnese drawings, published by Giovanni Giacomo de' Rossi in 1674, with a text by Giovanni Pietro Bellori. Metropolitan Museum of Art website, accessed 3 March 2015.
• Pace, Claire (1996). "Bellori, Giovanni Pietro", vol. 3, pp. 673–675, in The Dictionary of Art (reprinted with minor corrections in 1998), edited by Jane Turner. London: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333749395. At Oxford Art Online (subscription required).
• Wittkower, Rudolf (1999). Art and Architecture in Italy 1600–1750, sixth edition in 3 volumes, revised by Joseph Connors and Jennifer Montagu. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300078909.

External links

• Erwin Panofsky, Idea, A Concept in Art Theory at Art History Resources
• Donahue, Kenneth (1965). "BELLORI, Giovanni Pietro". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 7: Bartolucci–Bellotto (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.

На других языках

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[de] Giovanni Pietro Bellori

Giovanni Pietro Bellori (* 15. Januar 1613 in Rom; † 19. Februar 1696 ebenda) war ein italienischer Antiquar, Bibliothekar, Kunst- und Antiquitätensammler, Kunsttheoretiker und Kunsthistoriker.

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- [en] Giovanni Pietro Bellori

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[es] Giovanni Pietro Bellori

Giovanni Pietro Bellori, conocido también como Gian Pietro Bellori o Giovan Pietro Bellori, (Roma, 15 de enero de 1613 - 19 de febrero de 1696) fue un escritor y crítico artístico italiano. Fue uno de los biógrafos más importantes de los artistas del Barroco italiano en el siglo XVII. Historiador del arte fue considerado por muchos como el equivalente de época barroca de Giorgio Vasari.

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[fr] Giovanni Pietro Bellori

Giovanni Pietro Bellori ou Giovan Pietro Bellori, né le 15 janvier 1613 à Rome et mort le 19 février 1696 dans la même ville, est un archéologue, conservateur des Antiquités de Rome, historien, critique d'art et biographe italien[1]. Il est le théoricien du Beau idéal.

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[ru] Беллори, Джованни Пьетро

Джованни, Джан Пьетро Беллори (итал.  Giovanni Pietro Bellori, Gian Pietro Bellori, Giovan Pietro Bellori, 15 января 1613, Рим — 19 февраля 1696, Рим) — итальянский живописец, антиквар, историограф и теоретик искусства. Известен главным образом в качестве биографа итальянских художников XVII века. Его книгу биографий художников, изданную в 1672 году, сравнивают с «Жизнеописаниями» художников эпохи Возрождения, написанной Дж. Вазари в 1550 году.

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