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The Parnassus (Italian: Il Parnaso, referring to Mount Parnassus) is a fresco painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael in the Raphael Rooms ("Stanze di Raffaello"), in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome, painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. It was probably the second wall of the Stanza della Segnatura to be painted between 1509 and 1511,[1] after La Disputa and before The School of Athens, which occupy other walls of the room.[2]

This article is about the fresco by Raphael. For other uses, see Parnassus (disambiguation).
The Parnassus
ArtistRaphael
Year1509–1511
TypeFresco
Dimensions670 cm (260 in) wide
LocationApostolic Palace, Vatican City

Overview


The whole room shows the four areas of human knowledge: philosophy, religion, poetry and law, with The Parnassus representing poetry. The fresco shows the mythological Mount Parnassus where Apollo dwells; he is in the centre playing an instrument (a contemporary lira da braccio rather than a classical lyre), surrounded by the nine muses, nine poets from antiquity, and nine contemporary poets. Apollo, along with Calliope, the muse of epic poetry, inspired poets.[3][4]

Raphael used the face of Laocoön from the classical sculpture Laocoön and His Sons, excavated in 1506 and also in the Vatican for his Homer (in dark blue robe to the left of centre), expressing blindness rather than pain.[5] Two of the female figures in the fresco have been said to be reminiscent of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam, Euterpe and Sappho, who is named on a scroll she holds.[6] Sappho is the only female poet shown, presumably identified so that she is not confused with a muse; she is a late addition who does not appear in the print by Marcantonio Raimondi that records a drawing for the fresco.

The window below the fresco Parnassus frames the view of Mons Vaticanus, believed to be sacred to Apollo. Humanists, such as Biondo, Vegio, and Albertini, refer to the ancient-sun god of the Vatican.[4]




See also


Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Parnassus.

Notes


  1. Marcia B. Hall (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Raphael, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 195.
  2. Jones and Penny, p. 74: "The execution of the School of Athens ... probably followed that of the Parnassus."
  3. Paoletti, J; Radke, G (2005) [1997]. Art in Renaissance Italy. London: Laurence King Publishing. p. 409. ISBN 1-85669-439-9.
  4. Stinger, C (1998) [1985 (hardback)]. The Renaissance in Rome. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Bloomington Press. p. 199. ISBN 0-253-33491-8.
  5. Roger Jones and Nicholas Penny, Raphael, p. 74, Yale, 1983, ISBN 0300030614
  6. Joannides, P (1983). The Drawings of Raphael: With a Complete Catalogue. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-520-05087-8.

References





На других языках

- [en] The Parnassus

[es] El Parnaso (Rafael)

El Parnaso es un fresco del artista Rafael Sanzio. Al discípulo Giovanni da Udine se le atribuye la ejecución de las musas. Fue ejecutado en 1511. Se encuentra en la parte norte de la Sala de la Signatura (Stanza della Segnatura), una de las habitaciones que hoy en día son conocidas como las estancias de Rafael, ubicadas en el Palacio Apostólico de la Ciudad del Vaticano y que forman parte de los Museos Vaticanos. Fue la tercera en pintarse, después de La disputa del Sacramento y La escuela de Atenas.

[ru] Парнас (фреска)

«Парнас» (итал. Il Parnaso) — фреска работы Рафаэля Санти в Станца делла Сеньятура Ватиканского дворца. Выдающееся произведение искусства эпохи Высокого Возрождения, или римского классицизма начала XVI века.


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