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Two Monkeys or Two Chained Monkeys is a 1562 painting by Dutch and Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The work is now in the Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) of the Berlin State Museums.[1]

Two Monkeys
ArtistPieter Bruegel the Elder
Year1562
Mediumoil on oak wood panel
Dimensions23 cm × 20 cm (9.1 in × 7.9 in)
LocationGemäldegalerie, Berlin State Museums

Analysis


The painting depicts two monkeys shackled to an iron ring beneath an archway. Behind them, in the background, lies the city of Antwerp. The monkeys are red-capped mangabeys and, due to Antwerp's status as a port city, were probably taken from their natural habitat by animal traders.

Bruegel likely drew the symbol of two chained monkeys from Quattrocento Italian artist Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of the Magi. In that work, two monkeys are seen similarly chained under the central arc. Simultaneously paralleling and reinventing the meaning of the monkeys in Gentile's work, Bruegel used the chained monkeys to symbolize the follies of men and how they chain themselves and each other, according to art critic Kelly Grovier.[2] Margaret A. Sullivan of Montana State University corroborates, stating that the two monkeys are seen as a "small allegory" of "foolish sinners, and their imprisonment is the result of an immoderate attitude towards material wealth." Specifically, Sullivan finds that the left monkey symbolizes avarice and greed while the right monkey represents prodigality. Sullivan drew these conclusions based on observations that Two Monkeys exhibits a "fundamental resemblance" to another of Bruegel's paintings, Dull Gret (Mad Meg).[3]


Exhibition


To mark the 450th anniversary of Bruegel's death, Two Monkeys, along with other works, was exhibited in Bruegel - The Hand of the Master in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna from October 2, 2018–January 13, 2019. For the exhibition, the Gemäldegalerie performed an in-depth technical analysis of the painting from January–August 2017. Examination methods included tree-ring dating; stereomicroscope investigation; and UV radiation, X-ray imaging, infrared reflectography, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. As a result, museum restorer and copyist Bertram Lorenz was able to reconstruct the painting.[4]



Polish poet and Nobel Prize winner Wisława Szymborska wrote the poem "Two Monkeys by Bruegel" describing her reaction to the painting.[5]


References


  1. "Two Chained Monkeys". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  2. Grovier, Kelly (October 5, 2018). "Bruegel's Two Monkeys: One of art's most enduring puzzles?". BBC. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  3. Sullivan, Margaret A. (1981). "Peter Bruegel the Elder's Two Monkeys: A New Interpretation". The Art Bulletin. 63 (1): 114–126. doi:10.1080/00043079.1981.10787851.
  4. "Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Two Monkeys, 1562". Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  5. "Szymborska, Two Monkeys by Brueghel". Emory University. Retrieved November 1, 2019.

На других языках

[de] Zwei Affen

Zwei Affen, auch Zwei angekettete Affen[1], ist ein Gemälde des flämischen Malers Pieter Bruegel der Ältere. Das 20 cm × 23 cm große, in Öl auf Eichenholz gemalte Bild stammt aus dem Jahr 1562 und zeigt zwei Affen in einem Mauerbogen. Im Hintergrund ist eine Landschaft mit einer Stadt an einem Fluss zu erkennen. Das Bildmotiv bietet Kunsthistorikern unterschiedlichste Interpretationsmöglichkeiten, die von einer allegorischen Deutung über Hinweise auf die politischen Verhältnisse bis zur Darstellung der persönlichen Lebensumstände des Malers reichen. Das Gemälde befindet sich in der Sammlung der Gemäldegalerie in Berlin.
- [en] Two Monkeys (Bruegel)

[es] Dos monos (Bruegel)

Dos monos o dos monos encadenados es una pintura de 1562 del artista renacentista holandés y flamenco Pieter Bruegel el Viejo. La obra se encuentra ahora en la Gemäldegalerie ( Galería de Pintura ) de los Museos Estatales de Berlín . [1]

[fr] Deux Singes

Deux Singes ou Deux Singes enchaînés est un tableau peint par Pieter Brueghel l'Ancien en 1562. Il est conservé à la Gemäldegalerie à Berlin.

[it] Due scimmie incatenate

Due scimmie incatenate è un dipinto a olio su tavola (20x23 cm) di Pieter Bruegel il Vecchio, datato 1562 e conservato nella Gemäldegalerie di Berlino. È firmato "BRVEGEL MDLXII" sul bordo del davanzale.


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