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Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955), known as just Yves Tanguy (/ˌiːv tɒ̃ˈɡiː/, French: [iv tɑ̃ɡi]), was a French surrealist painter.

Yves Tanguy
Yves Tanguy in his Paris atelier, as photographed by Denise Bellon (1938)
Born(1900-01-05)January 5, 1900
Paris, France
DiedJanuary 15, 1955(1955-01-15) (aged 55)
Woodbury, Connecticut, U.S.
NationalityFrench and American
Known forPainting
MovementSurrealism
Patron(s)Pierre Matisse

Biography


Tanguy, the son of a retired navy captain, was born January 5, 1900,[1] at the Ministry of Naval Affairs on Place de la Concorde in Paris, France.[2] His parents were both of Breton origin.[3] After his father's death in 1908, his mother moved back to her native Locronan, Finistère, and he ended up spending much of his youth living with various relatives.

In 1918, Tanguy briefly joined the merchant navy before being drafted into the Army, where he befriended Jacques Prévert. At the end of his military service in 1922, he returned to Paris, where he worked various odd jobs. He stumbled upon a painting by Giorgio de Chirico and was so deeply impressed he resolved to become a painter himself in spite of his complete lack of formal training.[4]

Tanguy had a habit of being completely absorbed by the current painting he was working on. This way of creating artwork may have been due to his very small studio which only had enough room for one wet piece.[5]

Through his friend Prévert, in around 1924 Tanguy was introduced into the circle of surrealist artists around André Breton. Tanguy quickly began to develop his own unique painting style, giving his first solo exhibition in Paris in 1927, and marrying his first wife Jeannette Ducrocq (1896–1977) later that same year. During this busy time of his life, Breton gave Tanguy a contract to paint 12 pieces a year. With his fixed income, he painted less and ended up creating only eight works of art for Breton.

In December 1930, at an early screening of Buñuel and Dalí's L'Age d'Or, right-wing activists went to the lobby of the cinema where the film was being screened, and destroyed art works by Dalí, Joan Miró, Man Ray, Tanguy, and others.

Throughout the 1930s, Tanguy adopted the bohemian lifestyle of the struggling artist with gusto, leading eventually to the failure of his first marriage.[6] He had an intense affair with Peggy Guggenheim in 1938 when he went to London with his wife Jeannette Ducrocq to hang his first retrospective exhibition in Britain at her gallery Guggenheim Jeune. The exhibition was a great success and Guggenheim wrote in her autobiography that "Tanguy found himself rich for the first time in his life". She purchased his pictures Toilette de L'Air and The Sun in Its Jewel Case (Le Soleil dans son écrin)[7] for her collection. Tanguy also painted Peggy two beautiful earrings.[8] The affair continued in both London and Paris and only finished when Tanguy met a fellow Surrealist artist who would become his second wife.[9]

In 1938, after seeing the work of fellow artist Kay Sage, Tanguy began a relationship which led to his second marriage. With the outbreak of World War II, Sage moved back to her native New York, and Tanguy, judged unfit for military service, followed her. He would spend the rest of his life in the United States. Sage and Tanguy were married in Reno, Nevada on August 17, 1940. Their marriage proved durable but tense. Both drank heavily, and Tanguy assaulted Sage verbally and sometimes physically, pushing her and sometimes even threatening her with a knife privately and at social gatherings. Sage, according to friends' accounts, made no response to her husband's aggression.[10] Toward the end of the war, the couple moved to Woodbury, Connecticut, converting an old farmhouse into an artists' studio. They spent the rest of their lives there. In 1948, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[11]

In January 1955, Tanguy suffered a fatal stroke at Woodbury. His body was cremated and his ashes preserved until Sage's death in 1963. Later, his ashes were scattered by his friend Pierre Matisse on the beach at Douarnenez in his beloved Brittany, together with those of his wife.[12]


Style and legacy


Tanguy's paintings have a unique, immediately recognizable style of nonrepresentational surrealism. They show vast, abstract landscapes, mostly in a tightly limited palette of colors, only occasionally showing flashes of contrasting color accents. Typically, these alien landscapes are populated with various abstract shapes, sometimes angular and sharp as shards of glass, sometimes with an intriguingly organic look to them, like giant amoebae suddenly turned to stone.[citation needed]

According to Nathalia Brodskaïa, Mama, Papa is Wounded! (1927) is one of Tanguy's most impressive paintings. Brodskaïa writes that the painting reflects his debt to Giorgio de Chirico – falling shadows and a classical torso – and conjures up a sense of doom: the horizon, the emptiness of the plain, the solitary plant, the smoke, the helplessness of the small figures. Tanguy said that it was an image he saw entirely in his imagination before starting to paint it.[13] He also claimed he took the title of this and other works from psychiatric textbooks: "I remember spending a whole afternoon with ... André Breton," he said, "leafing through books on psychiatry in the search for statements of patients which could be used as titles for paintings." Jennifer Mundy, however, discovered that the title of this painting and several others were taken from a book about paranormal phenomena, Traite de metaphysique (1922) by Dr Charles Richet.[14]

Tanguy's style was an important influence on several younger painters, such as Roberto Matta, Wolfgang Paalen, Toyen, and Esteban Francés, who adopted a Surrealist style in the 1930s.[15] Later, Tanguy's paintings (and, less directly, those of de Chirico) influenced the style of the 1980 French animated movie Le Roi et l'oiseau, by Paul Grimault and Prévert.[16] Tanguy’s works also influenced the science fiction cover art of illustrator Richard Powers.


Partial list of paintings



1920s



1930s



1940s



1950s



References


  1. "UPI Almanac for Saturday, Jan. 5, 2019". United Press International. January 5, 2019. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019. artist Yves Tanguy in 1900
  2. Schalhorn 2001, p. 211.
  3. "Yves Tanguy | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  4. Schalhorn 2001, p. 212.
  5. Adamson, Natalie. (5 July 2017). Painting, politics and the struggle for the École de Paris, 1944-1964. ISBN 978-1-351-55518-0. OCLC 1003859912.
  6. Dalley, Jan (2019-11-01). "Peggy Guggenheim: surrealism in a cold climate". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  7. Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice
  8. Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice
  9. Out of this Century: Confessions of an Art Addict, Peggy Guggenheim, published by Andre Deutsch, London. 2005, pp179-189
  10. Suther, Judith D. (1997). A House of Her Own: Kay Sage, Solitary Surrealist. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press. pp. 130–132. ISBN 0803242344.
  11. Richter, Hans (1956). "Richter, Hans. "In Memory of Two Friends. Yves Tanguy, 1900-1956." College Art Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, 1956, pp. 343–346. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/772770". College Art Journal. 15 (4): 343–346. JSTOR 772770.
  12. John Russell, Matisse, Father & Son, p.210, published by Harry N. Abrams, NYC. Copyright John Russell 1999, ISBN 0-8109-4378-6
  13. Nathalia Brodskaïa, Surrealism, Parkstone International, 2012, p. 123.
  14. Jennifer Mundy, 'Tanguy, Titles and Mediums', Art History. vol.6, no.2, June 1983, pp.199-213.
  15. José Pierre, "Yves Tanguy", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  16. Martini, Paola; Pascale Ramel (12 December 2007). "Quelques propositions d'activités – "Le roi et l'oiseau"" [Some proposals for activities - "The King and the Mockingbird"] (PDF) (in French). artsvisuels.ia94.ac-creteil.fr. p. 4. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

Bibliography





На других языках

[de] Yves Tanguy

Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (* 5. Januar 1900 in Paris; † 15. Januar 1955 in Woodbury, USA) war ein französischer Maler des Surrealismus.
- [en] Yves Tanguy

[es] Yves Tanguy

Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (5 de enero de 1900 – 15 de enero de 1955) fue un pintor surrealista francés.

[fr] Yves Tanguy (peintre)

Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy, né le 5 janvier 1900 à Paris et mort le 15 janvier 1955 à Woodbury (Connecticut, États-Unis), est un peintre et dessinateur surréaliste français, naturalisé américain.

[it] Yves Tanguy

Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (Parigi, 5 gennaio 1900 – Woodbury, 15 gennaio 1955) è stato un pittore francese naturalizzato statunitense appartenente al movimento surrealista.

[ru] Танги, Ив

Раймон Жорж Ив Танги (фр. Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy; 1900, Париж — 1955, Уотербери, Коннектикут), более известный, как Ив Танги́, — французский художник-сюрреалист.


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