art.wikisort.org - Painting
The Four Apostles is a panel painting by the German Renaissance master Albrecht Dürer. It was finished in 1526, and is the last of his large works. It depicts the four apostles larger-than-life-size. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian I obtained The Four Apostles in the year 1627 due to pressure on the Nuremberg city fathers. Since then, the painting has been in Munich, in the Alte Pinakothek, and, despite all the efforts of Nuremberg since 1806, it has not been returned.
Description
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 Smarthistory – Dürer's The Four Apostles |
When Dürer moved back to Nuremberg he produced many famous paintings there, including several self-portraits. He gave The Four Apostles to the town council. Saints John and Peter appear in the left panel; the figures in the right panel are Saints Mark and Paul. Mark and Paul both hold Bibles, and John and Peter are shown reading from the opening page of John's own Gospel. At the bottom of each panel, quotations from the Bible are inscribed.[1]
The apostles are recognizable by their symbols:
- St. John the Evangelist: open book
- St. Peter: keys
- St. Mark: scroll
- St. Paul: sword and closed book
They are also associated with the four temperaments:
- St. John: sanguine
- St. Peter: phlegmatic
- St. Mark: choleric
- St. Paul: melancholy
Historical context
The Four Apostles was created during the Reformation, begun in 1517 and having the largest initial impact on Germany. Some Protestants believed that icons were contradictory to the Word of God, which was held in the utmost supremacy over, thus some Protestant churches would not patron any sacred art. Therefore, some Protestant artists, like Dürer became, had to commission their own works. Many aspects of the image depicted prove significant in light of the Reformation itself.[1] This painting has had many speculations as to the intentions, one being that it was Dürer's way of creating a sort of legacy piece by creating what he considered to be a worthy piece.[2]
See also
- Portrait of Jakob Muffel - A Dürer painting of the same year
References
- "Dürer's Four Apostles". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- Christensen, Carl C. (1967). "Durer's 'Four Apostles' and the Dedication as a Form of Renaissance Art Patronage". Renaissance Quarterly. 20 (3): 325–334. doi:10.2307/2859654. ISSN 0034-4338.
External links
Media related to Four Apostles by Dürer at Wikimedia Commons
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На других языках
[de] Die vier Apostel
Die vier Apostel sind zwei zusammengehörige Gemälde (Diptychon) des Malers Albrecht Dürer aus dem Jahr 1526 und waren dessen letztes großes malerisches Werk.- [en] The Four Apostles
[es] Los cuatro apóstoles
Los cuatro apóstoles (en alemán, Vier Apostel) es una obra a modo de díptico del pintor alemán Alberto Durero (Albrecht Dürer). Fue acabada en 1526. Es una pintura al óleo sobre madera de tilo. Se conserva en la Alte Pinakothek de Múnich, Alemania.[fr] Les Quatre Apôtres
Les Quatre Apôtres, peint en 1526, est la dernière peinture de l'artiste allemand Albrecht Dürer. Il s'agit d'un diptyque de grands panneaux représentant Pierre, Jean, Paul et Marc. Destinée au conseil municipal de Nuremberg, la ville de Dürer, l'œuvre se trouve aujourd'hui à l'Alte Pinakothek de Munich.[it] Quattro Apostoli
I Quattro Apostoli sono un doppio dipinto a olio su tavola di tiglio (215 × 76 cm ciascun pannello) di Albrecht Dürer, databile al 1526 e conservato nell'Alte Pinakothek di Monaco. Nonostante il titolo tradizionale, rappresenta due coppie di santi, non solo apostoli. Si tratta inoltre dell'ultimo lavoro pittorico di Dürer, che morì nel 1528, un vero e proprio testamento spirituale, tra i risultati più potenti della sua arte[1].[ru] Четыре апостола
«Четыре апостола» — картина немецкого художника Альбрехта Дюрера; закончена в 1526 году и является его последней крупной работой.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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