art.wikisort.org - PaintingPortrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle (or Eryngium) is an oil painting on parchment pasted on canvas by German artist Albrecht Dürer. Painted in 1493, it is the earliest of Dürer's painted self-portraits and has been identified as one of the first self-portraits painted by a Northern artist.[1] It was acquired in 1922 by the Louvre in Paris.[2]
Self-portrait by Albrecht Dürer in the Louvre
Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle |
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Artist | Albrecht Dürer |
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Year | 1493 |
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Type | Oil on vellum (transferred to canvas ca. 1840) |
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Dimensions | 56.5 cm × 44.5 cm (22.2 in × 17.5 in) |
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Location | Louvre, Paris |
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Dürer looks out at the viewer with a psychologically complex but rather melancholy and reserved, serious minded, facial expression. During the 15th century, thistles were symbols of male conjugal fidelity.[3]
History
In 1493, Dürer was 22 years old and working in Strasbourg. He had completed his apprenticeship with Michael Wolgemut and his tour as a journeyman, and would marry Agnes Frey on 7 July 1494.[4]
The date and the plant in the artist's hand seem to suggest that this is a betrothal portrait (Brautporträt). Dürer has in fact depicted himself in the act of offering a flowering spray identified by botanists as Eryngium amethystinum: its German name is "Mannestreue", meaning conjugal fidelity. Resembling the thistle (from which the portrait's title), this umbelliferous plant is used in medicine, and is regarded as an aphrodisiac.[5] It may also have religious significance; the same plant in outline form is inscribed in the gold ground of Dürer's painting Christ as the Man of Sorrows (1493–94).[4]
Dürer was temperamentally inclined to philosophical doubts. He often analysed his own face in drawn or painted effigies – sometimes idealizing it, sometimes not. The lines written beside the date in this painting reveal the philosophical and Christian intention of the work:
Myj sach die gat
Als es oben schtat.
In other words (and liberally): My affairs follow the course allotted to them on high. Marriage has in part determined his destiny – the Bridegroom puts his future life in the hands of God.[6]
In 1805, Goethe saw a copy of this portrait in the museum at Leipzig and described it as of "inestimable value."[7] According to Lawrence Gowing, who calls this "the most French of all his pictures", the Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle is singular among Dürer's paintings as "the touch is freer and color more iridescent than in any other picture one remembers".[2]
References
- Fenyő, Iván (1956). Albrecht Dürer. Budapest: Corvina. p. 16.
- Gowing (1987), p. 164
- Brion (1960), p. 127
- Wolf (2006), p. 28.
- Botanical herbal note on the eryngium, on Botanical.com. Accessed 13 January 2012
- J.L. Koerner, The Moment of Self-portraiture in German Renaissance Art, University of Chicago Press (1997).
- H. von Einem, Goethe und Dürer – Goethes Kunstphilosophie, Hamburg: von Schröder (1947).
Sources
- Brion, Marcel. Dürer. London: Thames and Hudson, 1960.
- Gowing, Lawrence. Paintings in the Louvre. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1987. ISBN 1-55670-007-5
- Wolf, Norbert. Albrecht Dürer. Prestel, 2010. ISBN 978-3-7913-4426-3
Further reading
- Bailey, Martin. Dürer. London: Phaidon Press, 1995. ISBN 0-7148-3334-7
- Bartrum, Giulia. Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy. British Museum Press, 2002. ISBN 0-7141-2633-0
- Campbell Hutchison, Jane. Albrecht Dürer: A Biography. Princeton University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-691-00297-5
- Eser, Thomas. "Dürers Selbstbildnisse als 'Probstücke'. Eine pragmatische Deutung". In: Menschenbilder. Beiträge zur Altdeutschen Kunst, ed. by Andreas Tacke and Stefan Heinz, Petersberg 2011, p. 159–176
- Panofsky, Erwin. "The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer", Princeton, 1945. ISBN 0-691-00303-3
- Schauerte, Thomas. "Dürer. Das ferne Genie. Eine Biografie". Stuttgart: Reclam, 2012.
- Schmidt, Sebastian: "„dan sӳ machten dy vürtrefflichen künstner reich“. Zur ursprünglichen Bestimmung von Albrecht Dürers Selbstbildnis im Pelzrock". In: Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums 2010, p. 65–82.
External links
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Paintings | | |
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Self-portraits | |
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Woodcuts and engravings |
- List of woodcuts, engravings
- The Holy Family with the Dragonfly (1495)
- The Holy Family with Three Hares (1496)
- Apocalypse (1498)
- Saint Michael Fighting the Dragon (1498)
- The Four Witches (1497)
- The Sea Monster (1498–1500)
- Saint Sebastian at the Column (1500)
- Visitation (1503)
- Adam and Eve (1504)
- Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate (1504)
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- Knight, Death and the Devil (1513)
- Melencolia I (1514)
- Saint Jerome in His Study (1514)
- Triumphal Arch (1515)
- Rhinoceros (1515)
- Large Triumphal Carriage (1522)
- Portrait of Erasmus (1526)
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Drawings, watercolours | |
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Altarpieces | |
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Museums | |
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Related |
- Agnes Dürer (wife)
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- Hans Dürer (brother)
- Anton Koberger (godfather)
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Greece and Rome, Etruscan | |
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Byzantine | |
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Category
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Authority control: Art research institutes  | |
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На других языках
- [en] Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle
[es] Autorretrato de Durero (Louvre)
Este Autorretrato (en alemán, Selbstportait) es una de las obras más conocidas del pintor alemán Alberto Durero (Albrecht Dürer). Es un óleo sobre vitela (luego pegado a un lienzo), pintado en 1493. Mide 56,5 cm de alto y 44,5 cm de ancho. Se exhibe actualmente en el Museo del Louvre de París. También es conocido como Autorretrato con flor de cardo.
[fr] Portrait de l'artiste tenant un chardon
Le Portrait de l'artiste tenant un chardon est une œuvre du peintre Albrecht Dürer, peinte en 1493, conservée au musée du Louvre.
[it] Autoritratto con fiore d'eringio
L'Autoritratto con fiore d'eringio è un dipinto a olio su pergamena trasportata su tela (57x45 cm) di Albrecht Dürer, datato 1493 e conservato nel Museo del Louvre di Parigi. Escludendo i disegni (come l'Autoritratto a tredici anni dello stesso Dürer) l'opera è il primo autoritratto come opera autonoma in pittura della storia dell'arte occidentale.
[ru] Автопортрет с чертополохом
«Автопортрет с чертополохом»[1] — картина немецкого художника Альбрехта Дюрера, ставшего первым мастером европейского Севера, писавшим автопортреты. До этого в средневековом сознании личность художника не считалась столь значимой и достойной изображения, хотя и до Дюрера некоторые художники изображали себя скрыто на полотнах, в основном на створках алтарей. Со второй половины XV века происходят перемены в осознании художниками себя не ремесленниками а творцами. Мастера живописи приходят к созданию собственного стиля, появляются подписные работы, так художники страховали себя от появления подделок. Начало этому процессу было положено в Италии[2]. Автопортрет Дюрера из Лувра — одно из самых ранних изображений подобного рода, дошедшее до наших дней. До живописного автопортрета Дюрер уже несколько раз рисовал себя серебряным штифтом и пером.
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