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The Calvet Museum (musée Calvet) is the main museum in Avignon. Since the 1980s the collection has been split between two buildings, with the fine arts housed in an 18th-century hôtel particulier and a separate Lapidary Museum in the former chapel of the city's Jesuit college on rue de la République. It is one of the museums run by the Fondation Calvet.

The main courtyard of the museum.
The main courtyard of the museum.

Its collections also include goldwork, faience, porcelain, tapestries, ironwork and other examples of the decorative arts, along with archaeology and Asian, Oceanic and African ethnography.[1]


History



The hôtel de Villeneuve-Martignan


The museum is housed in a building on the site of the Livrée de Cambrai, named after its last inhabitant, cardinal Pierre d'Ailly, bishop of Cambrai. In 1719, it was sold to François-René de Villeneuve, marquis d'Arzeliers and lord of Martignan, in the Principality of Orange.[2]

Philippe Sauvan [fr] (1698-1789), Portrait of Esprit Calvet (c. 1778-1780), Avignon, musée Calvet.
Philippe Sauvan [fr] (1698-1789), Portrait of Esprit Calvet (c. 1778-1780), Avignon, musée Calvet.

In 1734, de Villeneuve's son Jacques-Ignace de Villeneuve decided to extend the building to designs by Thomas Lainée [fr], but later changed his mind and razed the whole building in 1741, replacing it with a completely new one to designs by Jean-Baptiste Franque.[3] Work on this new construction was only completed in 1749,[4] which was then bought in 1802 by the businessman Deleutre, who then rented it to the city authorities as a home for Esprit Calvet's collections. The authorities acquired it on 3 March 1833 to turn into a museum.[5] The hôtel de Villeneuve-Martignan was made a monument historique on 1 October 1963.[6]


Museum


A major collector and a physiocrat by training, Esprit Calvet devoted his life to medicine and arts. In 1810 his will left his library, natural history collection and cabinet of antiquities to his birthplace of Avignon,[7] along with the necessary funds to make them accessible as an independent institution.[8] Napoleon I issued a decree on 9 April 1811 from the palais des Tuileries allowing Avignon's mayor to accept the legacy for and in the name of the city of Avignon.[9] · [10] The resulting museum was named after him and housed his collection.


Collections



Paintings



French


16th and 17th centuries


18th century


19th century


20th century


Italian


16th and 17th centuries


18th century


Spanish


Northern Europe

Johann Koerbecke, Resurrection (1457).
Johann Koerbecke, Resurrection (1457).

Sculpture



French


15th to 18th century

Child with a Dog, French, 16th century, marble.
Child with a Dog, French, 16th century, marble.

19th century


Northern Europe

North European School, early 16th century, Officer and Roman soldier
North European School, early 16th century, Officer and Roman soldier

Italian


Prints and Drawings


It includes leaves by artists from most of the French and Italian schools as well as a smaller number of Spanish and North European works. Northern artists in the collection include Hendrik Goltzius, Jan van Goyen and Raphael Mengs, whilst Spanish ones include Vincenzo Carducci and Juan de Valdés Leal.

French artists represented include Le Lorrain, Eustache Le Sueur, Antoine Watteau, François Boucher, Charles-Joseph Natoire, Jean-Marc Nattier, Auguste Rodin, Honoré Daumier, Jean-François Millet, Eugène Boudin, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Armand Guillaumin, Berthe Morisot, Paul Cézanne, Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Henri-Edmond Cross, Édouard Vuillard, Georges Rouault, Albert Marquet, Marc Chagall, André Lhote, Léonard Foujita and Jean Fautrier.

Italian artists include Domenico Beccafumi, Lorenzo Lotto, Baccio Bandinelli, Daniele da Volterra, Il Romanino, Paolo Veronese, Tintoretto, Jacopo Zucchi, Taddeo Zuccaro, Il Garofalo, Agostino Carracci, Federico Barocci, Mattia Preti, Luca Giordano, Domenico Fetti, Guercino, Alessandro Algardi, Luigi Garzi, Francesco Furini, Pier Francesco Mola, Daniele Crespi, Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni and Amedeo Modigliani.


Tapestries and furniture


This part of the collection includes:

Frans II Francken, cabinet, after 1620).
Frans II Francken, cabinet, after 1620).

Key : 1- Daniel and King Cyrus Before those Sacrificing 2- Cyrus Adores the God Bel 3- Daniel Spreading Ashes 4- The Gate of Bel's Sanctuary Sealed by Royal Decree 5- Night Ceremonies by the Priests of Bel 6- Daniel Revealing the Priests' Secret Ceremonies to King Cyrus 7- King Cyrus Arresting the Priests of Bel 8- Daniel Throws Balls into the Dragon's Mouth 9- Habakkuk Preparing to give Provisions to the Harvesters 10- Habakkuk Rescuing Daniel from the Lions' Den 11- Cyrus Sees Daniel Safe in the Lions' Den 12- The Lions Devouring Daniel's Tormentors


Egyptian archaeology


Sarcophagus of Ânk-pa-in-di-is (23rd Dynasty).
Sarcophagus of Ânk-pa-in-di-is (23rd Dynasty).

The Egyptian section consists of Esprit Calvet's collection along with that of Marius Clément from Marseille and other purchases, including:


Curators



References


  1. "Le Musée Calvet d'Avignon".
  2. Joseph Girard, op cit, p. 290.
  3. Joseph Girard, op cit, p. 294.
  4. Joseph Girard, op cit, p. 295.
  5. Joseph Girard, op cit, p. 299.
  6. Base Mérimée: PA00081881, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
  7. Known as the bibliothèque Calvet, then the Museum Calvet, now the Fondation Calvet (Séance du 8 avril 1826 and arrêt du Conseil d'État du 19 mai 1893 on the site of the fondation-calvet.org).
  8. Will of Esprit Calvet on the site of the fondation-calvet.org.
  9. Copy of the decree on fondation-calvet.org.
  10. "Décret impérial. Textes fondateurs/1811".
  11. According to a tradition told by Voltaire in his History of Charles XII, Ivan Mazeppa was discovered in adultery and sentenced to be strapped to a savage horse completely naked and borne to the edge of the Ukrainian steppes.
  12. Musée Calvet, sarcophage.
  13. Musée Calvet, vase canope.
  14. Musée Calvet, ex-voto de Yaï.
  15. Table d'offrandes
  16. Conservateurs du musée Calvet on fondation-calvet.org.

Bibliography





На других языках


[de] Musée Calvet

Das Musée Calvet ist ein französisches Museum in Avignon.
- [en] Calvet Museum

[fr] Musée Calvet

Le musée Calvet est le principal musée d'Avignon. Il est logé, pour sa partie beaux-arts, dans un hôtel particulier classé du XVIIIe siècle.



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